雷达及红外双重隐身功能皮革的研究

Currently, the realization of radar stealth is based on microwave absorption while the achievement of infrared stealth is dependant on microwave reflection. Owing to the conflictions of these two stealth techniques in their theories, it is still very challenging to develop multifunctional materials with the ability of radar and infrared stealth. To address these issues, the present project will use chrome-tanned leather as the substrate to prepare radar and infrared stealth leather by incorporating leather crust with magnetic-responsive metal and phase-change paraffin nanomaterials, which can significantly increase the dielectric and magnetic loss capacity of leather to microwave, as well as its heat capacity and specific heat capacity. The main contents investigated in this project include: (1) Influences of incorporated magnetic-responsive metal nanomaterials on the electromagnetic parameters of the functional leather; (2) Influences of incorporated paraffin nanomaterials on the thermal parameters of the functional leather, such as heat capacity and specific heat capacity; (3) Influences of surface coating on the reflectivity and transmissivity of the functional leather; (4) Influences of nanomaterial component and distribution on radar and infrared stealth performances of the functional leather, and the dependent relationship between the leather structure and its stealth properties. In summary, the implementation of the present project is promise to develop novel functional leathers with the ability of radar and infrared stealth, which could provide new approach to develop multifunctional stealth materials, and also help to explore new function of the conventional leather materials.

目前，雷达隐身主要基于电磁波吸收原理，而红外隐身则基于电磁波反射原理。由于两种隐身技术原理上的冲突，使得开发兼具雷达及红外双重隐身性能的功能材料非常具有挑战性。为解决上述问题，本申请项目拟以铬鞣坯革作为基底，通过对其进行磁响应金属纳米粒子和相变石蜡纳米粒子复合，提高其介电损耗和磁损耗性能，并增大其热容量和比热容，从而基于吸收原理实现雷达及红外同时隐身。项目的主要研究内容包括：（1）不同磁响应金属纳米粒子复合对功能皮革电磁参数的影响；（2）不同相变石蜡纳米粒子复合对功能皮革热容量、比热容等热参数的影响；（3）表面涂饰对功能皮革反射率和透波性能的影响；（4）纳米功能材料组成、分布等对功能皮革雷达及红外隐身性能的影响，功能皮革结构与其隐身性能之间的构效关系。本项目的实施有望制备出兼具雷达及红外双重隐身性能的功能皮革，即为多功能隐身材料的研究提供新的方法，也为传统皮革材料的功能化开辟新的途径。

雷达隐身及红外隐身在军事和民用领域均具有重要应用价值。目前，传统隐身材料存在密度大、穿戴性差、雷达及红外双隐身性能难以兼容等问题。针对上述问题，本项目利用质量小、穿戴性能优异且具有多层级纤维结构的皮革作为基材，通过引入碳纳米管内嵌金属粒子、导电纳米金属材料等电磁波吸收剂和相变石蜡的方式，有效调控了皮革的电磁参数、红外发射率及热导率等参数，制备了电磁吸收功能皮革、红外隐身功能皮革、雷达-红外双隐身功能皮革，掌握了制备双重隐身功能皮革的关键技术，本项目揭示了皮革的多层级纤维结构在构筑可穿戴双隐身材料方法的独特优势，同时也为皮革的高值化利用提供了技术支撑。研究结果发表第一作者及通讯作者SCI论文11篇，申请发明专利5项。