西南山地流域城市化与生态环境的耦合关系研究——以贵州乌江流域为例

Realizing the coordinated and sustainable development between urbanization and ecological environment has the important theoretical and practical significance. The Wujiang River is a typical mountainous watershed, with higher socioeconomic development level, urbanization level, and typically fragile karst areas. This project, which based on the research results of urbanization and ecological environment at home and abroad , from multi-disciplinary perspectives such as human geography, urban geography , ecological environment, and so on ,uses RS、GIS, pluralistic methods, such as statistical analysis, mathematical model, the comprehensive utilization of statistical data and field survey data, Based on the comprehensive analysis of the urbanization and ecological environment，apply the grid method to analyze the factors of urbanization and ecological environment, to study the benefits and the mechanism of ecological environmental constraints in the process of urbanization in Wujiang River area by qualitative and quantitative way. Explore the coupling laws between urbanization and the ecological environment from different periods of urbanization, and judge the coupling laws between the two types and find practical optimization of the regulatory mechanism, in order to enhance and coordinate the development of the urbanization level and socioeconomic development level of Guizhou Wujiang River watershed.

实现城市化和生态环境的协调具有重要的理论和现实意义，乌江流域属于典型的山地流域类型，是贵州社会经济发展水平和城市化水平较高的地区，也是喀斯特发育的典型生态脆弱区。本项目在国内外城市化与生态环境的相互作用变化关系研究成果的基础上，以贵州乌江流域为研究区，从人文地理学、城市地理学和生态环境学等多学科角度，引入遥感(RS)、地理信息系统(GIS)、多元统计分析和数学模型等方法，综合利用统计资料和实地调查资料，在对该区域的城市化和生态环境发展现状综合分析的基础上，应用格网化技术对城市化和生态环境的各个因素进行分析，以定性与定量相结合的方式研究该地区城市化与资源环境之间的相互作用及胁迫效应，探讨在流域城市化的不同阶段，城市化与生态环境之间的交互耦合规律，评判二者之间的耦合类型及所处的演化阶段，发掘二者耦合协调发展方面存在的问题，寻求切实可行的优化调控机制，以提升乌江流域城市化与生态环境协调发展。

乌江流域是一个自然—经济—社会复合巨系统，将乌江流域城市化建设与生态环境安全结合起来，探讨二者的互动关系，尚处于探索阶段。也是近几年该领域研究的薄弱点。本研究选取贵州乌江流域为例，以流域覆盖区域为划分依据，辅以县域进行对比研究，在准确把握乌江流域的社会经济、城市化发展背景以及生态环境特性的基础上，从单一指标和复合指标入手对贵州乌江流域城市化空间格局及生态环境的景观格局的变化及其特征进行了分析，并进一步分析了其城市化发展的驱动机制以及典型区生态环境的脆弱性特征。同时，初步探讨了流域内四类城市的城市化与生态环境之间交互影响的耦合类型及耦合规律性特征,建立了贵州乌江流域城市化与生态环境的耦合关系模型，揭示了二者耦合作用的机制。该研究不仅丰富了山地流域生态脆弱区城市化、经济发展与生态环境耦合的理论，同时也为乌江流域内各级政府在城市可持续发展、生态环境的建设及景观规划、管理决策过程中提供了相应的依据与参考。