基于卵黄球膜原理的复合胶团构筑及其营养素递送机制研究

Emulsion is an important steady-state delivery system of fat-soluble nutrients, which has a good application prospect in healthy food industry. The simple application of natural polymer or small molecule emulsifier in the preparation of emulsion is not ideal in practice. How to prepare a highly stable emulsion embedding system is a very challenging science and technology problem. In this project，based on the principle of complex interface of yolk sphere，egg yolk proteins are used as raw materials to induce the formation of protein aggregates by restriction enzyme hydrolysis/heat proccessing technology. The relationship between protein aggregate characteristics and its interfacial adsorption properties is investigated in order to prepare the protein aggregates with high interfacial adsorption ability by adjusting induction parameters. Then the competitive interface adsorption and synergistic stabilization effect between egg yolk protein aggregates and lecithin are analysed to clarify the emulsion stabilizing mechanism. Finally, the composite micelle carriers with different characteristics are applied into the encapsulation of fat soluble template nutrients. The effects of composite micelle interface structure and components on the nutrient digestion and absorption features are elucidated, to reveal the nutrient of composite micelle steady-state delivery mechanism. The research results will not only provide new ideas for the steady delivery of bioactive substances, but also improve the application level of composite interface emulsion system in healthy food.

乳液是一种重要的脂溶性营养素稳态递送系统，在健康食品产业中具有良好的应用前景。单一的天然高分子或小分子乳化剂实际应用效果并不理想，如何制备高度稳定的乳液包埋体系是一项极具挑战性的科学技术难题。本项目借鉴蛋黄卵黄球膜复合界面原理，以蛋黄蛋白质为原料，采用限制性酶水解/热诱导制备蛋黄蛋白聚集体，分析聚集体特征与其界面吸附特性的相关性，通过优化诱导参数从而实现高稳定界面吸附聚集颗粒的制备；分析蛋黄蛋白聚集颗粒与卵磷脂之间的界面竞争吸附与协同稳定效应，阐明各成分对乳液复合界面协同稳定机制；进而将具有不同界面特征的复合胶团应用于脂溶模板营养素包埋，分析复合胶团界面组成和结构对目标营养素消化吸收特性的影响，揭示复合胶团中营养素递送机制。研究结果不仅能为脂溶性营养素的稳态递送提供新思路，还能有效提升复合界面乳液包埋体系在健康食品中的应用水平。

乳液是一种重要的输送载体，在脂溶性营养素的保护递送上已得到广泛应用。然而，单一的乳化剂难以达到较好的效果。本项目以蛋黄蛋白为原料，采用了磷脂复合等方式构建了蛋黄蛋白-卵磷脂复合胶体颗粒，分析了蛋黄蛋白与磷脂分子之间的相互作用力以及不同特征复合颗粒的界面吸附特征，阐明了各成分对乳液的协同稳定机制。将优化得到的蛋黄蛋白-磷脂分子复合颗粒应用于高低内相乳液的构建，以DHA藻油和叶黄素脂溶营养素为模板，分析了乳液复合界面特征对目标营养素稳定性和生物可及性的影响，揭示了基于仿卵黄球膜结构乳液的营养素递送机制。项目验证了以蛋黄蛋白为基础的复合胶体颗粒在乳化包埋递送体系的应用效果，为蛋黄蛋白在健康食品中应用奠定了良好基础。