基于云平台的低成本高精度GNSS滑坡变形动态监测软硬件技术研究

The dynamic deformation monitoring of landslide hazard is the key point for the disaster reduction and prevention. With the characteristics of global, all-weather, continuous and real-time, GNSS technology has been widely used in the deformation monitoring of landslides and other disasters. However, due to the high cost of equipment, the high degree of specialization and poor universality in the application of GNSS technology, the early warning forecast and disaster reduction of landslide hazard are severely restricted. In order to solve these problems, this proposal put forward a new dynamic monitoring theory and method of low cost and high precision GNSS landslides deformation based on cloud platform. With the help of wireless transmission technology, all algorithms of high precision GNSS landslide monitoring will be set on the cloud platform server and the data processing function of data acquisition device terminal will be greatly simplified based on cloud platform technology. In addition, the high precision GNSS landslide monitoring terminal with small-scale and low-cost will be developed. And the real-time positioning compensation algorithm of GNSS landslide deformation monitoring and high precision GNSS positioning fusion algorithm will be studied. Then, all algorithms will be efficiently set on GNSS cloud server to realize real-time high-precision monitoring and warning of landslide deformation with the intelligent and real-time processing at cloud server and low cost and easy operation at user side. Finally, based on GNSS and cloud platform technology, this research can be expected to provide a landslide deformation monitoring system with low cost, high accuracy, easy operation, intelligent and easy popularization characters to contribute to the disaster prevention and reduction and national economic construction.

对滑坡灾害进行变形监测是防灾减灾的关键环节。GNSS技术因具有全球全天候、连续性和实时性等特点，已广泛应用于滑坡监测。但是，GNSS技术用于滑坡监测还存在设备硬件成本高、专业性强、普及性差等问题，严重制约着滑坡灾害的预警预报与减灾防灾。为此，本项目提出一种新的基于云平台的低成本高精度GNSS滑坡变形动态监测理论，即以云平台技术为基础，借助于移动通信技术，将复杂的GNSS监测数据处理算法置于云端，大幅简化数据采集终端的功能，开展低成本小型化高精度GNSS滑坡监测设备、GNSS滑坡变形监测实时定位补偿算法、GNSS融合定位理论与方法研究，并将上述算法高效融入云平台，以云端处理的智能化和实时化、用户监测端的低成本和易操作的独特方式实现对滑坡的实时高精度监测预警，以一套基于GNSS和云平台技术的低成本、高精度、用户干预少、自动化程度高、普及性强的的滑坡变形监测系统服务于防灾减灾和国民经济建设。

GNSS技术因具有全天候、连续性和实时性等特点，已广泛应用于滑坡变形监测。但是，GNSS技术用于滑坡变形监测还存在设备硬件成本高、专业性强、普及性差、多路径误差影响大、可靠性无法保证和观测数据缺失等问题。针对上述问题，项目组开展了以下研究工作：（1）研制了低成本滑坡变形监测GNSS接收机，大大降低了滑坡监测设备的硬件成本；（2）提出了一种位移传感器数据解码算法、基于S-变换的变形监测数据抑噪方法和一种新的异步RTK算法，提高了GNSS技术用于滑坡变形监测的精度和可靠性，为准确获取监测点的变形特征奠定了基础；（3）采用自适应加权估计融合算法对GNSS接收机和位移计采集到的滑坡变形监测数据进行融合处理，并将融合后的数据用于滑坡阶段判别分析，可为后续滑坡变形分析、预测和预警提供更有效的数据支持；（4）提出了一种基于互信息和IPSO-LSTM神经网络的数据融合算法和一种基于混沌时间序列的黄土滑坡变形预测方法，可有效提高滑坡变形预测的准确性和可靠性；（5）研发了一种基于CORS网络的GNSS实时高精度滑坡位移监测方法和基于云平台的高精度GNSS滑坡变形监测软件，为GNSS滑坡灾害监测提供了一种新的解决方案。项目研究成果可为我国的地质灾害监测和防治工作提供技术支撑。