基于芯片的大气细颗粒物氧化潜能分析方法研究

Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) is an important atmospheric pollutant. Epidemiological studies have shown that exposure to PM2.5 can cause respiratory, cardiovascular, and nervous system diseases, increasing the risk of lung cancer. Oxidative stress upon reactive oxygen species generated by PM2.5 is considered to be the crucial mechanism for the adverse health effects induced by PM2.5. A variety of methods have been developed for the analysis of the oxidative potential of PM2.5. However, the existing methods are mainly based upon membrane filter sampling and laboratory analysis. The procedures are cumbersome, time-consuming and labor-intensive, which is why the development of an on-line analysis method is urgently needed. This project intends to provide a novel chip-based approach to measure the oxidative potential of PM2.5. The on-chip electroosmotic pump will be used for the small volume sampling and the mobile phase drive. A highly sensitive laser-induced fluorescence detector will be used for detection. The reduction in sample consumption and the improvement in analytical sensitivity will help shorten the sampling period for PM2.5 and increase the time resolution of the analytical method. The analysis method will be coupled to a particle-into-liquid sampler, enabling the on-line analysis of the oxidative potential of PM2.5 and make it applicable to field observations. This technology provides a new strategy for the prediction and early warning study of adverse health effects associated with PM2.5. It is of great significance for assessing the impact of atmospheric PM2.5 pollution on human health.

细颗粒物(PM2.5)是重要的大气污染物，流行病学研究表明细颗粒物暴露会引发呼吸道、心血管和神经系统疾病，增大罹患肺癌风险。PM2.5诱导产生活性氧并进一步引起氧化应激被认为是细颗粒物诱发不良健康效应的重要机制。多种方法被开发应用于PM2.5的氧化潜能分析，但现有方法多采用滤膜采样-实验室分析，步骤繁琐、耗时耗力，亟需发展在线分析方法。本项目拟建立一种新颖的基于芯片的PM2.5氧化潜能分析方法，通过片上电渗泵将微小体积取样与流动相驱动集于一体，采用高灵敏的激光诱导荧光检测器进行检测。样品消耗量的减少与分析灵敏度的提高将有助于缩短细颗粒物的采样周期，提高分析方法的时间分辨率。该分析方法与颗粒物液化采样装置联用，将能够实现对PM2.5氧化潜能的在线分析，并具有野外观测的应用潜力。该项技术为细颗粒物与不良健康效应的预测预警性研究提供了新策略，对评估大气PM2.5污染对人体健康的影响具有重要意义。

大气细颗粒物（PM2.5）严重危害人体健康。流行病学研究表明，PM2.5与不良健康影响密切相关，如诱发呼吸系统、心血管系统和神经系统疾病，导致暴露人群发病率和死亡率升高以及预期寿命的缩短。PM2.5对健康产生不利影响的潜在机制源于细颗粒物诱导的过量活性氧所引起的氧化应激。PM2.5诱导产生活性氧的能力又称为氧化潜能，它被认为是与健康更为相关的指示标准。本项目建立了一种新颖的PM2.5氧化潜能分析方法，采用具有实时成像聚焦功能的高灵敏激光诱导荧光检测器进行检测。研制的检测器灵敏度高，稳定性好，适用于微小体积样品检测。样品消耗量的减少与分析灵敏度的提高缩短了细颗粒物的采样周期，提高了分析方法的时间分辨率。研究了典型地区PM2.5的氧化潜能和化学组成，探究了它们之间的相关性。正交矩阵因子与多元线性回归分析结合，识别了PM2.5污染来源及氧化潜能的贡献源。污染源区域分析表明，不同的污染源与特定的地理分布相关。 除地方减排政策外，还需多省共同合作。该项目的研究结果有助于制定和实施以减少PM2.5氧化潜能污染源为重点的监管措施，从而更好地改善空气质量，减少PM2.5对健康的不利影响。