基于战略一致性的复杂产品开发项目组合选择研究

New product development projects, which are processed in enterprise in parallel, have gradually increased. These projects compete for resources owned by enterprise. To implement the optimized allocation of resources and the maximal profit, an optimal portfolio should be chosen from a lot of projects. Accordingly, project portfolio selection becomes a strategic decision problem in multi-project management in enterprise. Focusing on characteristics of complex product development projects, this proposal investigates dynamic selection of project portfolio considering consistency between projects and corporate strategy, and multi-dependency among projects. The detailed contents include: (1) analyzing mutual influence between project portfolio management for complex products development and enterprise strategy, and investigating evaluation models and methods for consistency between projects and enterprise strategy; (2) based on the exploration of generation mechanism of dependency among projects, investigating qualitative model of dependency among projects and quantitative model of dependency degree among projects on the basis of ecological attributes of projects; (3) investigating dynamic selection model of project portfolio and its solution method by considering consistency between projects and enterprise strategy and dependency among projects; (4) doing empirical researches and case studies by taking vehicle development enterprise as examples, to verify the reasonability of the proposed models and methods. The above researches are meaningful to expand research and application domains of project portfolio selection, increase efficiency of developing complex products, and improve enterprise competitiveness.

企业内并行开展的新产品开发项目日益增多，项目间相互争夺资源。要实现资源优化配置和收益最大化，需要从众多项目中选择一个最佳的组合方案。项目组合选择成为企业多项目管理中的战略性决策。本课题针对复杂产品开发项目的特点，研究考虑项目与企业战略一致性及项目间依赖关系的项目组合动态选择问题。具体研究内容包括：（1）分析复杂产品开发项目组合管理与企业战略之间的相互影响，研究项目与企业战略一致性评价模型和评价方法。（2）在探究项目间多种依赖关系产生机理的基础上，研究基于生态学属性的项目间依赖关系定性模型和依赖程度定量模型。（3）综合考虑项目与企业战略一致性及项目间依赖性，研究项目组合动态选择模型和模型求解方法。（4）以轿车整车开发企业为背景开展实证研究和案例研究，验证模型与方法的合理性。以上研究对于拓展项目组合选择的研究与应用领域，提高复杂产品开发效率，提升企业竞争力具有重要意义。

多个并行的复杂产品开发项目之间相互争夺资源，为企业级的项目管理带来困难。目前的研究成果大多侧重于单个项目的过程管理和资源配置，对企业级的项目组合管理研究较少。本项目在科学研究方面：（1）提出项目的战略一致性概念，分析复杂产品开发项目全生命周期各阶段的特征，基于平衡计分卡理论从价值与目标、客户与市场、流程与管理、学习与成长等四个维度构建复杂产品开发项目的战略一致性评价指标体系；并考虑指标间的因果关系和评价过程中的不确定性，分别建立了复杂产品开发项目战略一致性评价的BSC-ANP模型和BSC-ER模型；（2）从企业采取的经济模式和复杂产品开发过程两方面分析复杂产品开发项目间依赖关系的产生机理，建立基于生态学属性的依赖性定性分析模型，采用依赖矩阵及关联性分配矩阵方法建立了两个项目及多个项目之间的定量分析模型；（3）综合考虑项目的战略一致性及项目间相互依赖关系，构建了项目组合选择的非线性整数规划模型，采用改进的模拟退火算法对该模型进行求解；（4）对某轿车整车开发企业进行案例研究，并将研究成果应用于该企业的产品开发项目组合选择过程，结果验证了模型和方法的合理性与有效性。本项目从企业战略的高度对复杂产品开发项目组合进行评价和选择，对于提高复杂产品开发效率和资源分配有效性具有重要的理论意义和实践意义。本项目在论文发表和人才培养方面，公开出版国内外学术期刊论文和会议论文7篇，其中SCI检索2篇，EI检索2篇，培养博士和硕士研究生4名，均已毕业取得学位。