In the past decades, the emergence and reemergence of viral diseases continue to pose a significant threat to human health worldwide. Despite the development of vaccines and antiviral drugs, the limited efficacy of vaccines in humans and the emergence of highly pathogenic viruses from recombination and mutation demand a better understanding of host immune mechanisms for new antiviral therapeutic strategies. Recent large-scale genetic screens of host factors involved in virus infection have identified a series of specific immune effectors in mammalian cells. Of these, Interferon-induced Transmembrane Protein 3 (IFITM3) was most notably identified as a potent host restriction factor that can inhibit the infection of multiple pathogenic viruses, including influenza A virus (IAV), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), Ebola virus (EBOV), and Zika virus. Although the antiviral activity of IFITM3 has been receiving much attention around the world, unfortunately the precise mechanism by which IFITM3 restricts virus infection is still unclear, presumably due to challenges with traditional biological techniques for its studies, which, for example, are incapable for live-cell imaging of IFITM3 and identification of its interacting partners. To understand how IFITM3 inhibits virus replication in mammalian cells, this grant proposal aims to apply the genetic code expansion technology to site-specifically label IFITM3 with unnatural amino acids bearing various functionalities such as bioorthogonal reactive groups, fluorine-19, spin-label, and photoactivatable moiety, which will provide new opportunities for IFITM3 mechanistic studies. Specifically, we will use a variety of techniques, including fluorescence imaging, nuclear magnetic resonance, electron paramagnetic resonance, proteomic analysis, and so on, to (i) investigate its membrane topology, (ii) examine its precise subcellular localization, (iii) monitor its dynamic trafficking in live cells, and (iv) identify its interacting proteins. We will also (v) reconstitute IFITM3 protein in vitro for mechanistic biophysical studies and activity evaluation. These systematic studies should help reveal the precise molecular mechanism of IFITM3 antiviral activity, thus facilitating the design and development of new antiviral strategies.
近年来,新发和突发病毒传染病呈现不断增多的趋势,对人类健康带来了极大的威胁。最近的研究发现,作为一种宿主限制因子蛋白,干扰素诱导的跨膜蛋白3(IFITM3)能抑制多种病毒的复制,包括流感、艾滋、肝炎、埃博拉和寨卡等病毒。尽管IFITM3的抗病毒作用已成为研究热点,但其作用机制至今仍不明确;这主要是因为传统的生物学方法研究IFITM3时遇到了很大的困难。本项目拟利用基因密码子扩展技术在IFITM3上位点特异地引入含有生物正交官能团、氟-19、电子自旋或光交联基团等的非天然氨基酸,结合荧光成像、核磁和顺磁共振以及蛋白质组学等技术,从IFITM3的膜拓扑结构、精确亚细胞定位、活细胞内与病毒颗粒的实时转运、互作蛋白的鉴定和表征及其体外重组表达这五个方面来系统地研究其抗病毒作用机制。本项目的成功实施将有助于彻底揭示IFITM3抑制病毒入侵的分子机制,为病毒传染病的防控和治疗提供更多的科学依据和策略。
近年来,新发和突发病毒传染病呈不断增多的趋势,持续给人类健康和社会稳定带来了极大的威胁。作为一种宿主限制因子蛋白,干扰素诱导的跨膜蛋白3(IFITM3)能广泛抑制多种病毒的感染,包括甲型流感、SARS、艾滋、丙型肝炎、埃博拉、寨卡和SARS-CoV-2等。IFITM3的抗病毒作用一直是国内外的研究热点,然而传统生物学方法在研究IFITM3时遇到了很多困难,导致其抗病毒机制还不明确。为了解决IFITM3是如何抑制病毒入侵的这一重大科学问题,本项目创造性地利用基于基因密码子扩展的蛋白质特异标记化学生物学方法,突破传统生物学方法的桎梏,在IFITM3蛋白上位点特异地引入含有生物正交官能团和光交联基团等的非天然氨基酸,结合荧光成像、蛋白质组学分析和传统生物方法学等,从多个方面系统地探索了IFITM3的抗病毒活性和作用机制。为了揭示IFITM3在活细胞内定位和动态转运过程,本项目发展了基于基因密码子扩展技术和生物正交化学反应的位点特异蛋白质荧光标记方法,首次实现了活细胞中IFITM3蛋白的荧光成像和实时动态追踪。本项目接着通过CRISPR基因编辑技术建立了IFITM3敲除的稳定细胞系,并利用位点特异荧光标记方法和时间推移双色荧光成像,在活细胞内实时监测了荧光标记的流感病毒颗粒与IFITM3的动态转运过程,直接证明了IFITM3在抑制病毒感染过程中与病毒颗粒的相互作用。为了探索IFITM3的调控及其抗病毒作用机制,本项目使用基因密码子扩展技术在IFITM3蛋白位点特异地引入光交联基团,并结合定量蛋白质组学技术鉴定其相互作用蛋白。本项目研究发现并验证了VCP与IFITM3的特异相互作用,利用多种手段阐明了这一相互作用对调节IFITM3稳态、细胞内转运以及抗病毒活性的重要功能。为了调查IFITM3棕榈酰化修饰对其抗病毒活性的调控,本项目发展了一种化学脂肪酰化方法,即通过基因密码子扩展技术和生物正交化学反应在活细胞中将脂肪酰化类似物引入目标蛋白的特定位点,从而对棕榈酰化修饰进行位点特异的功能获得的研究。利用这一方法,本项目研究直接证实了IFITM3蛋白C72位点的棕榈酰化修饰对其抗病毒活性至关重要。总之,本项目为彻底阐明IFITM3的生物功能和抗病毒作用机制提供了重要的信息和见解,并有望将为病毒传染病的有效防控提供更多科学依据,为开发新型广谱抗病毒药物提供新的思路。
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数据更新时间:2023-05-31
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