Both diabetic retinopathy and central retinal vein occlusion are common retinal vascular diseases with high rate of blindness. The incidence of these two diseases varied remarkably among different countries, regions, races and ethnic groups. Compared with the other areas, the distribution of unique genetic background of ethnic minorities of Inner Mongolia, particularly the Mongolian, may varied due to epidemiological characteristics. In this study, we will diagnose and classificate the diabetic retinopathy and central retinal vein occlusion by using biological and cultural resources in Inner Mongolia Ejina minority and by using international diagnosis standards of diabetic retinopathy and central retinal vein occlusion, hereby to get the prevalence, severity of fundus damage and risk factors of diabetic retinopathy and central retinal vein occlusion, to investigate the epidemiological characteristics and diversity, to explore and analyze the reasons for the present differences, to improve the understanding of its pathogenesis, and to search a simple, cost - benefit way for screening and managing the retinal vascular diseases among the basic areas or a large population, which may provide evidence for the further development of domestic classification and diagnostic systems and be helpful to keep us with the international standards.
糖尿病视网膜病变(DR)和视网膜中央静脉阻塞(CRVO)是两种常见的视网膜血管性眼底疾病,致盲性高,不同国家、地区、种族、民族的发病差别较大。内蒙古自治区少数民族,尤其是蒙古族的分布所形成的独特遗传学背景可能使其流行病学特点与世界上其他地区有所不同。本研究利用内蒙古自治区特有的少数民族生物文化资源优势,选择在蒙古族历史悠久、地处偏远、人口流动性小的阿拉善盟额济纳旗,采用国际通用标准,对DR和CRVO进行诊断和分类,得出不同民族DR及CRVO的患病率、眼底病变程度及危险因素等,探求不同民族DR及CRVO的流行病学特点和差别,探索并分析差别存在的原因,加深对这两种疾病发病机制的认识,同时探索简便、高效、有成本-效益的大规模人群视网膜血管性眼底疾病的筛查与治疗方案,为进一步制定符合我国基层糖尿病视网膜病变及视网膜中央静脉阻塞临床诊治的实际情况并能与国际接轨的分类和诊断系统提供依据。
目的 了解中国内蒙古地区糖尿病(Diabetes mellitus,DM)患者糖尿病视网膜病变(Diabetic retinopathy,DR)的发病特点。方法 选取内蒙古中西部地区具有代表性城市的两家医院内分泌科就诊的DM患者600例,其中汉族517例、蒙古族68例、其他民族15例,对患者进行病史采集、实验室检查、眼部检查、问卷调查并签署知情同意,根据DR早期治疗研究(Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study,ETDRS)诊断和分期标准对眼底相进行分组,对DR发生发展相关的风险因素进行logistic回归分析。结果 600例DM患者并发DR的年龄标准化患病率为33.74%(95%CI,33.06-34.43)、糖尿病黄斑水肿(Diabetic macular edema,DME)为8.61%(95% CI,8.20-9.01)、临床有意义的黄斑水肿(Clinically signifificant macular edema,CSME)为8.00%(95% CI,7.61-8.40)、增殖性DR(Proliferative diabetic retinopathy,PDR)为3.97%(95% CI,3.69-4.25)、威胁视力的糖尿病视网膜病变(Vision-threatening diabetic retinopathy,VTDR)为9.27%(95% CI,8.85-9.69);呼和浩特市内蒙古医科大学附属医院的DM患者DR患病率高且程度较额济纳旗蒙医医院更严重。不同民族间的患病率及发病程度均不同,比较发现少数民族(主要为蒙古族)具有更高的患病率和严重程度,蒙古族的PDR患病率最高为5.15%(95% CI,4.83-5.46),但在本研究中显示不同民族间的患病率差异无统计学意义;空腹血糖高、DM病程长、高血压、糖尿病肾病(Diabetic kidney disease,DKD)为DR的独立危险因素,随着对DM治疗的逐步加深,DR的患病风险也会升高。DM病程长、DKD、肿瘤和较低的收入为DME和VTDR的独立危险因素。结论 这项研究分析了内蒙古中西部城市DR的发病特点及民族差异,为进一步研究中国北方内蒙古地区DR的发病特点贡献数据。
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数据更新时间:2023-05-31
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