As the major constituent of innate immune system, natural killer (NK) cells eliminate target cells by releasing granzyme B and other cytotoxic mediators. However,the exact mechanisms in the way of releasing is still unclear. In addition, NK cells can promote adaptive immune response and unexpectedly,they can aggravate inflammation. Though the granzyme B has been verified to be pro-inflammatory in extracellular milieu, it is still unknown that whether the NK cells can provide extracellular granzyme B. In our previous study, the NK cell was found to release the 35kDa granzyme B from its cytosol. Obviously,the way of releasing 35kDa granzyme B is distinct from the classical release way of 32kDa granzyme B in secretory lysosome.It is proposed that the 35kDa granzyme B localize within samall secretory vesicals in cytosol and are secreted in multi-positions when fused with cell membrane. In addition, the 35kDa granzyme B was suggested to polarize to immunological synapse and then secrete when NK cells encounter target cells. So,the 35kDa granzyme B was supposed to contribute not only to NK cells cytotoxic function but also to provide extracellular granzyme B which could promote inflammation.So,we plan to study on the function and related mechanisms in the release pathway of 35kDa granzyme B further.It can deepen our standing of how NK cells participate in the physiological and pathological situations.And it would provide clues to devising more effective measures in the prevention and treatment of related clinical disorders.
自然杀伤细胞(NK细胞)是固有免疫系统的重要组分,通过释放颗粒酶B等胞毒效应分子杀伤靶细胞,其释放机制未完全阐明;此外,NK细胞能增强免疫应答,但在病理情况下,亦能促进炎症进展,其机制并不清楚。虽然有研究表明细胞外的颗粒酶B具有促炎效应,但NK细胞能否释放出具有促炎效应的细胞外颗粒酶B有待证实。申报者的前期研究发现,NK细胞胞浆中分子量为35kDa的颗粒酶B被释放到细胞外,这与传统的分子量为32kDa的颗粒酶B经分泌型溶酶体介导的释放途径截然不同。申报者推测35kDa颗粒酶B可能位于胞浆中的小囊泡,与细胞膜融合后即被释放到细胞外;但在NK细胞杀伤靶细胞时,能募集至突触部位释放。从而既参与了NK细胞的杀伤功能,又能分泌到细胞外促进炎症进展。因此,本项目拟深入研究35kDa颗粒酶B释放的新途径及其功能,为进一步认识NK细胞的生理和病理功能提供实验依据,为临床相关疾病的防治提供新线索和靶点。
在自然杀伤细胞(natural killer cell, NK cell)内,颗粒酶B经分泌型溶酶体(secretory lysosomes, SLs)储存、运输和释放的途径已经得到了深入的研究。本研究以NK92细胞为研究对象,探讨颗粒酶B不经过SLs释放的机制及其功能。. NK92细胞SLs内的颗粒酶B分子量为32kDa,具有酶活性,经SLs运输和释放。SLs外的颗粒酶B分子量为35kDa,缺乏酶活性,能储存在胞质中的小囊泡内,并非由SLs漏出。在NK92细胞受到PMA/ION或靶细胞刺激时,预存的32kDa颗粒酶B迅速得到释放,而且在4h内没有得到明显补充,但在此期间35kDa颗粒酶B的合成持续增强,并能被蛋白合成以及高尔基体出芽抑制剂所阻断,表明SLs外的颗粒酶B源自新合成的蛋白并途经高尔基体到达SLs外的胞质中。此外,IL-2等细胞因子对于35kDaGrB的合成没有调节作用。. 35kDa颗粒酶B可以被释放到培养上清液中,在刺激NK92细胞4h期间内,35kDa颗粒酶B的释放持续增强,抑制SLs的分泌之后,其释放不受影响,表明NK细胞无需调动SLs即可向细胞外环境释放颗粒酶B。在NK92细胞直接接触靶细胞时,35kDa颗粒酶B和32kDa颗粒酶B一样能被释放进入靶细胞。充分抑制SLs的分泌后NK92细胞仍然可以杀伤靶细胞,而且阻断35kDa颗粒酶B的合成能明显减弱NK92细胞的杀伤能力。表明35kDa颗粒酶B参与了杀伤靶细胞。但是在NK92细胞内,35kDa颗粒酶B是酶原形式,缺乏酶活性。提示在靶细胞内或细胞外环境中存在颗粒酶B的激活物,而NK细胞的杀伤机制应该比目前的认识更加复杂。 . 鉴于35kDa颗粒酶B能位于SLs外的小囊泡内,本研究筛选了7种调节囊泡胞吐的分子,但是这些分子均无法单独调控SLs外GrB的释放,这些结果可以为后续的研究提供参考。. NK92细胞在适当的诱导条件下才能增加SLs外颗粒酶B的合成。我们检测了人的原代NK细胞,只在部分健康人的NK细胞内检测到了极其微量的35kDa颗粒酶B,尚未找到诱导原代NK细胞大量合成SLs外颗粒酶B的条件。另外在部分患者的组织液中发现了高浓度的分子量为27kDa的颗粒酶B,但无法判断这种丢失糖基的颗粒酶B是来源于32kDa颗粒酶B还是35kDa颗粒酶B。这些有待进一步研究。
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数据更新时间:2023-05-31
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