基于GBS-RNA-seq整合组学解析羽毛针禾基因组变异与沙生适应性的关系

Stipagrostis pennata is an excellent sand-fixing pioneer plant. Its genomic variation likes a fossil record of the desert adaptation evolution. Through studying the relationship between genomic variation and desert adaptation in it, we can not only reveal the mechanism of resistances to drought, cold and wind erosion, but also find a good way to protect and use the sand-fixing feature of it to improve the desert ecology. In the present project, we will introduce a multi-omics approach to combine genotyping by DNA sequencing (GBS) and RNA sequencing (RNA-seq). Through this approach, the data of SNPs, genes, phenotypes and populations in Stipagrostis pennata can be joined together to imply molecular variations that influence desert traits by associating SNPs with those traits, to indicate genes and variation sites correlated to desert traits by associating SNPs with gene sequences, to reveal the mechanism of resistances by associating SNPs with the gene expression, and to research the effect of the environmental selection on desert adaptation evolution by associating SNPs with population characteristics. Finally, the present study will indicate the relationship between genomic variation and desert adaptation, imply the interaction between genes and environments that forms desert traits, and play a certain role for protecting, using and breeding the sand-fixing feature in Stipagrostis pennata.

羽毛针禾是优良的固沙先锋植物，它的基因组变异犹如其沙生适应性的化石记录。明确它的基因组变异与沙生适应性的关系，不仅可以发现其抗旱、耐寒、耐风蚀等潜在的沙生机制，而且有助于科学有效地保护和利用其固沙先锋特性，对改善沙区生态环境具有重要意义。本项目拟从整合组学的角度，优势互补高通量基因分型（GBS）和转录组测序（RNA-seq）两项技术，联合SNP、抗拟基因、沙生表型和群体特征等多项数据，对SNP与沙生性状关联，以揭示影响沙生性状发生的分子变异特征；对SNP与基因序列关联，以揭示与沙生适应性显著联系的功能基因及突变位点；对SNP与基因表达关联，以解析沙生性状的抗逆分子机理；对SNP与居群特征关联，以探讨环境选择效应在沙生适应性进化中的作用。最终，从生物系统的不同层面上，揭示羽毛针禾基因组变异与沙生适应性的关系，探索影响沙生复杂性状形成的遗传与环境的互作机制，为其固沙先锋特性的保护利用奠定基础。

羽毛针禾是优良的固沙先锋植物。为了探究它的抗旱、耐风蚀等的荒漠适应机制，本项目从整合组学的角度，优势互补高通量基因分型（GBS）和转录组测序（RNA-seq）两项技术，建立了GBS-RNA-seq整合组学分析方法，为联合多层面数据解析其基因组变异与沙生适应性的关系，提供了技术手段。基于该技术，从生物系统的不同层面上，揭示了羽毛针禾基因组变异与沙生适应性的关系，探索了影响沙生复杂性状形成的遗传与环境的互作机制，重建了系统进化关系，阐明了地理生态分布规律，追踪了长距离、随机性、风媒不对称性的基因流对种群的生存繁衍格局及局域适应性进程的影响，为羽毛针禾的保护和利用奠定了科学基础。本项目资助发表论文13篇，其中SCI论文3篇；获软件著作权1项，培养研究生9名、本科生5名。项目成员中，2人晋升职称，多人获石河子大学优秀青年教师、实践教学先进个人、优秀教案设计奖和最喜爱“公共基础课”教师等奖项。基于项目研究，指导本科生获全国大学生生命科学竞赛三等奖（2项）和优胜奖（2项）；项目成员从不同角度深化了相关研究，获国家自然科学基金地区基金（1项）和人社部留学人员择优资助（1项）予以延伸本项目的成果。