东北地区同域分布的马鹿与梅花鹿种群间渗透杂交机制研究

Gene introgression usually results from spontaneous hybridization occurring among closely related species in sympatric populations and thus has great impact on the genetic structure of natural populations. This phenomenon has recently become one of the most active subjects in study of evolutionary and conservation biology. In this proposal project, the main research contents are included as follows:1,choosing methods of scatological molecular analysis and 3S statistics which should be suitable to determine size and position of, and hybridization between, sympatric red and sika deer populations on home range;2,in overlapping distributions with red and sika deer which live in northeastern China, micromolecular biological methods is used to analyze genetic diversity, genetic structure and genotypes in hybridization; 3,mechanism and biology signification on hybridization introgression between red and sika deer are discussed through determining hybrid styles, rate, zones, dense and duration. The proposal project will advance a new method to research morphology, behaviors and physiology phenomena on closely related species in sympatric populations. The research results will be provided theoretic data for rare and endangered deer population restoration and their habitat reclamation, and also furnish fresh evidence of wildlife scientific management and resources sustainable use.

种群的遗传结构、基因型特征和基因流动态及其与生境有关的物种生物学影响因子，是制定物种有效保育策略措施的主要依据。同域分布的马鹿与梅花鹿在自然条件下可进行交配并产生后代，而杂交后代的出现必将对马鹿与梅花鹿的种群遗传基础产生影响。为了更好的保护该珍稀濒危物种的优良种质资源，对其种群遗传信息进行研究是十分必要的。本项目采用非损伤性取样法收集马鹿与梅花鹿的粪便作为主要研究材料并结合3S技术，确定同域分布内马鹿与梅花鹿家域的大小和位置及其杂合体在马鹿、梅花鹿家域内的分布，分析马鹿与梅花鹿种群的遗传水平及杂合体的基因型组成，探讨马鹿与梅花鹿杂交行为产生的原因及这种行为在群体中所起的作用，揭示野生马鹿与梅花鹿在同域分布条件下出现杂交现象的机制及其生物学意义。该项目将为其它同域分布内近缘种的形态、行为和生理等现象的研究提供一种新的思路。同时，亦为我国珍贵鹿类种群资源的恢复与提高提供重要的科学依据。

同域分布的马鹿与梅花鹿在自然条件下可进行交配并产生后代，而杂交后代的出现必将对马鹿与梅花鹿的种群遗传基础产生影响。本项目通过综合运用动物粪便分子生物学分析方法和“3S”技术，对位于老爷岭地区的88个马鹿和51个梅花鹿个体的种群遗传结构进行了分析。结果表明：.1、马鹿和梅花鹿种群核苷酸多样性分别为0.00984±0.00673和0.00086±0.00014，马鹿与梅花鹿种群的平均观察杂合度和平均期望杂合度分别为0.604/0.698和0.247/0.301；.2、5个马鹿拥有2个梅花鹿mtDNA单体型，7个梅花鹿拥有2个马鹿mtDNA单体型，而微卫星分析显示这两组个体分别属于梅花鹿和马鹿纯合体；.3、在马鹿种群中15份样品（17％）为杂合体，其中7份来自青龙台地区，6份来自三岔河地区，2份来自马滴答地区；在梅花鹿样品中5份样品（9.8％）为杂合体，均来自青龙台。.4、本研究建议将没有梅花鹿存在的地区（马滴答、绥阳、汪清等地）作为一个保护单元进行管理，以便保持纯合体马鹿优质的种质资源。.该项目将为其它同域分布内近缘种的形态、行为和生理等现象的研究提供一种新的思路。同时，亦为我国珍贵鹿类种群资源的恢复与提高提供重要的科学依据。