基于质化与量化多准则评估法的邻避设施规划选址研究

Multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) is commonly applied in location planning for NIMBY facilities, but such an approach cannot solve the problems of qualitative evaluation effectively, making more defect exist in various location planning modes during practical application, which is the main reason for the failure in NIMBY facility project. Besides, defect in location planning leads to a realistic plight-a lag in initiating argument and comparison for the multi-location planning of NIMBY facilities. In addition, the Urban and Rural Planning Law as well as the Measures for the Administration of the Urban Yellow Line cannot be implemented, and thus the scientificalness and authoritativeness of planning faces severe challenges. This project research introduces multicriteria evaluation with qualitative and quantitative data (MEQQD) and improves the algorithm of F function in the level of qualitative criteria evaluation, which effectively solve the evaluation problems of qualitative criteria. With the further research on evaluation criteria for location planning for NIMBY facilities, a new mode of location planning which can deal with qualitative and quantitative criteria simultaneously is established. Based on theoretic research, this project takes four location planning projects of NIMBY facilities in Shaoxing and Wenling in Zhejiang Province as case studies to carry out empirical research, further improving and perfecting the method and mode of location planning. The research findings can be widely applied in various efforts in location planning for NIMBY facilities, and thus enhance planning scientificalness and perspectiveness as well as reduce the conflict risk in NIMBY.

学术界主要使用多准则决策方法进行邻避设施规划选址，但一直未能有效解决质化准则的评估问题，致使各类选址模型在实际应用时存在较大缺陷，是导致邻避设施频遭落地难的重要原因。而且，规划选址方法的缺陷造成邻避设施规划选址多方案论证和比选工作启动滞后的现实困境，《城乡规划法》和《城市黄线管理办法》等法律法规的相关规定无法得到落实，规划的科学性和权威性也遭到严峻挑战。 本项目研究引入质化与量化多准则评估法，并针对邻避设施特点，对其评价质化准则优越程度的F函数进行算法改进，有效解决了质化准则的评估问题。结合邻避设施规划选址评估准则的深入研究，建立起能同时处理质化和量化准则的选址模型。在理论研究基础上，项目以浙江省绍兴市和温岭市的四个邻避设施规划选址项目为例进行实证研究，进一步修正和完善选址方法和选址模型。项目研究成果能广泛应用于各类邻避设施选址实践，提高规划的科学性和前瞻性，降低邻避冲突风险。

学术界主要使用多准则评估方法进行邻避设施规划选址方案比选，但一直未能有效解决质化准则的评估问题，致使各类选址模型在实际应用时存在较大缺陷，这是导致邻避设施频遭落地难的重要原因。.本项目研究引入质化与量化多准则评估法，并针对邻避设施特点，对F函数算法优化，邻避设施规划选址多准则评估理论模型构建，具体设施选址分析模型建构，质化与量化多准则评估的选址案例实证分析，以及邻避设施规划选址多准则评估方法应用条件等五方面内容进行了详细研究。.重要结果包括以下七点：（1）提出了基于模糊合成算法的F函数优化方法，使之能有效处理不同质化准则组合的赋值问题；（2）针对邻避设施规划选址特点，提出了综合德尔菲法和变异系数法的权重主客观综合赋值方法；（3）基于邻避设施负外部性效应与城乡空间作用关系和规划选址的公共政策属性，制定了城乡规划和社会层面的评估准则体系；（4）提出了负外部性效应影响范围界定的双因子评估方法，推进了质化准则评估的研究；（5）建构了垃圾填埋场、垃圾焚烧厂、变电站、加油站和殡仪馆等五类邻避设施规划选址模型；（6）阐明了自私的邻避、反对设施、反对项目和反对进程等四种邻避设施规划冲突类型的内涵；（7）在归纳邻避设施规划选址方法的基础上，总结了选址方法五个方面的研究特征。.研究成果能广泛应用于控规阶段以及具体建设项目选址阶段的邻避设施规划决策之中，对于提高规划的科学性和前瞻性，以及降低邻避冲突风险都具有重要的积极意义。