季节性冻融对伊犁河底栖动物功能摄食类群及其营养级结构的影响

Compared with the research in the mid-low latitudes, the study of seasonal freeze-thaw on functional feeding groups and trophic structures in the high latitudes still shows insufficient. With snowmelt from Tianshan Mountains, the Lli River takes a unique seasonal freeze-thaw characteristic. Under these effects, macroinvertebrates` adaptive strategy and life history would also change in a different way, and that should be an interesting scientific question. Hence, identification on viable dominant species and functional feeding groups, also structural changes of trophic structures would be key scientific problems. This study will be conducted in the Lli River`s upper reaches (Narat), including effect of seasonal freeze-thaw on macroinvertebrates` habitat, response mechanism of macroinvertebrates` functional feeding groups and trophic structures, and research on their adaptive strategy and life history. The expected results are of great scientific value, which will not only help to improve the theory of aquatic ecology in the high latitudes, but also promote the discipline development of ecology and the cultivation of young teachers in Yili Normal University, and also the stability of border areas.

伊犁河受天山融雪水的影响具有独特的季节性冻融特征。在季节性冻融的干扰下，高纬度河流底栖动物功能摄食类群及其营养级结构如何变化？底栖动物采取何种适应策略？其生活史如何？等问题，同研究成果丰硕的低纬度河流相比是令人兴奋且好奇的科学问题。本项目以伊犁河源头溪流那拉提河段为研究对象，采用功能群法，围绕关键科学问题：识别季节性冻融过程中存活的优势功能摄食类群及其关键种；识别季节性冻融过程中底栖动物营养级结构变化特征，探究：（1）季节性冻融对河流底栖动物生境的影响；（2）季节性冻融干扰下底栖动物功能摄食类群及营养级结构动态特征；（3）季节性冻融对河流底栖动物功能摄食类群和营养级结构的影响。并初步阐释高纬度寒区河流底栖动物优势功能摄食类群关键种的生活史及其适应策略。成果有望补充和发展水域生态学关于高纬度寒区的相关理论，带动受援高校伊犁师范学院生态学科的发展，培养年轻教师，维护边疆稳定。

本项目以伊犁河源头溪流为研究对象，探究了：（1）底栖动物群落种类组成、密度、多样性和功能摄食类群的季节动态变化及空间分布特征；（2）季节性冻融对底栖动物生境及底栖动物功能摄食类群的影响；（3）伊犁河源头溪流底栖动物的多样性格局。揭示了伊犁河源头溪流底栖动物群落在溪流季节性冻融过程中的变化规律，及冻融过程中底栖动物优势功能摄食类群及关键种，并发表了英文论文3篇，中文论文2篇，著作1部，培养7名青年教师、3名博士研究生（2人已毕业）和1名硕士研究生（已毕业）。.成果补充和发展水域生态学关于高纬度寒区的相关理论，在应用上，为伊犁河流域底栖动物群落保护及生态恢复等领域提供一定的科学依据。带动受援高校伊犁师范大学生态学科的发展，培养年轻教师，维护边疆稳定。