猪笼草叶笼滑移区减附机理与表面结构仿生构建研究

Nepenthes pitchers beares the function of trapping insects and has attracted comprehensive researches, but the specific conclusion about anti-attachment mechanism of slippery zone in the pitchers has not been reported, and the studies of biomimetically creating slippery trapping agricultural pests plate based on surface structures and function of the slippery zone are still at preliminary stage. In this project, we will acquire the microstructures dimensions, surface characteristics and physical properties of the slippery zone and the insect attachment system via observing and analyzing their surface morphologies. The insect micro-force measurement system will be designed and established and used to quantitatively analyze the anti-attachment function of slippery zones. We will explore the influence disciplinarian of slippery surfaces on insect attachment system, and establish the theoretical models to completely and accurately reveal the anti-attachment mechanism based on the dual binary structures of the slippery zone and the attachment system. Based on the influence disciplinarian, the optimal design parameters and technology parameters will be acquired via simulating and calculating. The surfaces structures of slippery zones will be biomimetically established with the technologies of lost wax casting technique, electric spark machining and high voltage electrostatic incorporation, and the bio-tribological properties of the established surface structures will be tested and analyzed. This project aims to comprehensively clarify the anti-attachment mechanism of the slippery zone, as well as obtain the method of biomimetical establishing the surface sturctures of the slippery zone, and supply innovative and t effective approach for biomimetic creation of the slippery trapping plate being used in controlling agricultural insects.

猪笼草叶笼因具有捕食昆虫功能而受到广泛研究，但叶笼滑移区对昆虫的减附机理未见明确定论，基于滑移区表面结构与功能仿生制备致灾农业昆虫捕集滑板的研究处于初始阶段。本项目对叶笼滑移区、昆虫附着系统的表面形貌进行观测分析，获取结构、性质等信息；设计建立昆虫微测力系统并用以量化表征滑移区对昆虫的减附功能；研究滑移区表面结构对昆虫附着系统的影响规律并建立模型，综合揭示双重二元结构相互影响下滑移区对附着系统的减附机理；依据滑移区对附着系统影响规律，通过模拟计算获取表面结构仿生构建的最佳设计参数和工艺参数，利用脱蜡铸造、微纳电火花加工与高压静电吸附等技术实现滑移区表面结构的仿生构建，并测试分析该表面结构的生物摩擦学特性。本项目的研究可以全面阐明滑移区的减附机制，获取滑移区表面结构的仿生构建方法，为用于致灾农业昆虫诱集治理方面的捕集滑板的制备提供新的有效途径。

食虫性植物猪笼草依靠位于叶片末端的叶笼实现对昆虫的引诱与捕集，并能将其消化成生长需要的营养元素，引起学者广泛关注。叶笼滑移区因具有特殊微形貌结构而起到有效抑制昆虫附着能力并促其滑移至叶笼底部的功能，但未有明确定论阐述其减附机理；基于滑移区表面结构与功能仿生制备致灾农业昆虫捕集滑板的研究亦处于初始阶段。基于该研究背景，本项目拟定了如下研究内容：对叶笼滑移区、昆虫附着系统的表面形貌进行观测，获取结构、性质等信息；建立昆虫微测力系统并用以量化表征滑移区的减附功能；研究滑移区表面结构对昆虫附着系统的影响规律并建立模型，综合揭示双重二元结构相互影响下滑移区对附着系统的减附机理；通过模拟计算获取表面结构仿生构建的最佳设计参数和工艺参数，利用脱蜡铸造、微纳电火花加工与高压静电吸附等技术实现滑移区表面结构的仿生构建，并测试生物摩擦学特性。针对设定的研究内容，开展了如下研究工作。（1）研制了拉压式微力测试系统，测试精度0.1mN，量程3.0N，能够实现昆虫附着力、摩擦力、剪切力等毫牛尺度微力的实时测量与直观显示并能完成数据的保存与分析；研制了离心式毫牛尺度微力测试系统，精度0.1 mN，能够准确采集体型较小昆虫附着系统产生的微力。（2）运用扫描电镜、三维形貌干涉仪观察了滑移区表面微形貌结构，提取了月骨体、蜡质晶体的形态分布参数和三维结构参数，并获取了粗糙度、接触角等信息；观测了蚂蚁、蝗虫等昆虫附着系统的微形貌结构并提取了三维结构参数；测试了蚂蚁在正向、反向滑移区表面的滑移摩擦行为，正向放置的滑移区能够有效抑制蚂蚁的爬行行为并使其产生较小的摩擦力，而反向放置的滑移区几乎不影响蚂蚁的附着功能并产生较大的摩擦力，建立了力学模型阐明滑移区主要通过月骨体抑制昆虫附着系统的爬行功能；依据Wenzel、Cassie-Baxter方程，构建模型分析了滑移区疏水性机理。（3）依据滑移区表面结构参数与减附机理，构建了致灾农业昆虫捕集滑板表面结构的仿生模型，并以激光微纳加工、高压静电吸附技术实现捕集滑板的仿生制备；测试了蝗虫在捕集滑板和仿生原型的附着力，结果分别为402.9±26.1 mN和361.9±25.5 mN，相近的附着力预示研制的致灾农业昆虫捕集滑板具有与仿生原型类似的性能，达到了良好的仿生效果。该项目研究不仅揭示了滑移区对昆虫的反附着机理，还为致灾农业昆虫捕集滑板的仿生制备提供了关键理论基础。