西北乡村太阳能建筑热环境分区营造模式与实现技术研究

In accordance with local conditions, developing the passive solar heating buildings has an active role in solving the contradictions between the energy-using for heating and ecological protection in northern and fragile ecology areas in our country. However, solar radiation is a kind of intermittent and low density energy, less heat collection easily causes indoor thermal energy mismatching in supply and demand. The above reasons restrict the popularization and application of the solar rural buildings. In the light of different demands of rooms with different functions for thermal environment quality, improving the abilities of structural system in constructing and adjusting distinguishing indoor thermal environment is conducive to resolving the mismatching problems of indoor area thermal supply and demand in time, space and intensity, nevertheless, related studies have less report. Combining the methods of questionnaire survey, theoretical analysis, experimental testing and numerical simulation, this project conducted the research of mechanism on indoor thermal energy distribution and construction of thermal environment, the project explored the effects on different indoor thermal environments caused by indoor space layout, meanwhile, revealed the methods of optimizing and recombining constant physical property materials and phase change materials, the mechanism of coupled heat storage and release, the internal relation between thermophysical properties and thermoregulation energy efficiency as well, the project also analyzed the constitutive relation between thermal parameters of structural system and differentiation thermal environment indices under the mode of indoor partition, accordingly, proposed optimal combined model for the structure under the type of partitioned indoor thermoregulation. The project can provide a new idea and theoretical reference for solar heating architecture in improving indoor thermal environment and raising the efficiency of heat energy utilization.

因地制宜地发展被动式太阳能采暖建筑，对于解决我国西北生态脆弱区乡村建筑采暖用能与生态保护之间的矛盾具有积极作用。但太阳辐射能流密度较低，致使建筑集热量有限，易造成室内热能供需失配，制约了太阳能乡村建筑的推广应用。依据不同功能房间对热环境质量需求的差别进行室内热环境分区营造与调节，有利于解决热能供需在时间、空间及强度上的失配问题，但相关研究鲜有报道。本项目采用问卷调研、理论分析、实验测试、数值模拟相结合的研究方法，对室内热能分配与热环境营造机制进行研究，探索室内空间布局方式对室内热环境差异化影响规律，揭示常物性材料与相变材料优化复合方式、耦合蓄放热机理、热物性参数与调温能效间的内在关联，解析室内分区模式下构造系统热工参数与差异化热环境指标间的本构关系，提出分区室内温度调节模式下的构造优化组合模型。本项目可为太阳能采暖建筑改善室内热环境及提高热能利效益，提供新的思路和理论参考。

利用太阳能资源优势，因地制宜的发展被动式太阳能采暖建筑，对于解决西北生态脆弱区的乡村建筑采暖用能与生态保护之间的矛盾具有积极作用。本项目通过调研测试、理论分析、数值模拟和实验测试相结合的方法，对乡村太阳能采暖建筑室内热环境分区营造模式与实现技术进行了系统研究，并取得了以下研究成果：（1）解析了西北乡村建筑室内空间组织方式与空间功能的内在关联，阐明了居民对室内不同功能空间的差异化热需求特征；（2）揭示了常物性与变物性构造系统热工性能对室内平均温度、室内温度波动的延迟与衰减及主要房间不舒适度时数变化的影响规律；（3）获得了热环境质量与房间功能相匹配的差异化热环境设计方法，及蓄热节能构造热工设计方法与评价方法；（4）研发了可用于蓄热节能构造设计的结构-功能一体化相变储能复合材料，并揭示了复合材料在相变温度区间内外的蓄放热机制。本项目所取得的研究成果能够为被动式太阳能采暖建筑室内热环境提升及热利用效益提高提供方法借鉴，并可为太阳能采暖建筑的系统化研究提供有益思路和理论参考。