秦巴山地建筑热环境营造与低能耗建筑模式

Improving the quality of residential environment is the basic principle in the construction of livable eco-towns in our country. Due to the special geographical position and severe natural conditions, the architecture in Qinba mountainous areas is crude and also very simple in form, the indoor thermal environment in winter is quite bad, and therefore, conducting the study on constructing model of thermal environment for the architecture becomes even more necessary. On the basis of climate characteristics, exploring the method in improving indoor thermal environment by low energy consumption will have significant meaning to promote the development of architecture ecologicalizaiton in mountainous areas. Combining the methods of investigation, testing, theoretical analysis, numerical simulation and experiment, this research project analyzed the internal relations between indoor thermal environment and traditional residential architectural features, the production pattern as well as lifestyle of residents, meanwhile, explored the experience, by which the traditional architectural style adapted to the nature and climate. In accordance with the demands of indoor functional division, thermal environment quality of each room and, energy consumption model of architecture, the project discussed the reasonable energy-using and heating methods of architecture in Qinba areas. Through the establishment of periodic change of solar radiation, indoor and every different room multifactor dynamic thermal disturbance heat transfer model, the project clarified the mechanism of heat transfer and allocation that were mainly conducted in passive way in architecture, in addition, the project explained the effects of multifactor architecture design patter, the envelope thermal physical parameters and construction mode on thermal environment quality and coordinated constructing method. By analyzing and optimizing the thermal environment constructing model of architecture with low energy consumption in mountainous areas, the project can provide theoretical reliance for the rapid and healthy development of residential architecture in Qinba areas.

提升人居环境质量,是我国宜居生态城镇建设的基本原则。秦巴山区地理位置特殊、自然条件严酷，该地区传统山地建筑的形式简单、构造粗放，冬季室内热环境差。结合秦巴山地气候特征，探索低能耗改善室内热环境的方法，对促进山地建筑生态化发展具有重要意义。本项目综合运用调研测试、理论分析、数值模拟和实验研究相结合的方法，分析传统建筑特征、居民起居生活习惯与室内热环境特征的内在关联，挖掘建筑模式适应气候的关键要素。结合室内功能区划特点、分室热环境指标和建筑耗能要求，研究秦巴山地建筑合理的用能和采暖方式。通过建立太阳辐射周期变化和室内分室差异的多因素动态热扰传热模型，解析建筑以被动式为主的热能的输送与调配机理，探索多因素建筑设计模式及围护结构热物理参数、构造方式等对建筑热环境质量的影响规律及协同营造方式。本项目通过解析与优化低能耗山地建筑热环境营造模式，为秦巴山地建筑快速健康发展提供理论依据。

利用地域气候资源与被动式设计方法，营造舒适节能的室内环境，是实现建筑可持续发展的有效捷径与方法。本研究通过调研、测试、理论分析、计算模拟相结合的方法，对秦巴山地建筑热环境营造与低能耗建筑模式进行了研究，并取得了以下成果：（1）完成了对秦巴山区典型区域乡村建筑的调研及热环境测试，明确了当地乡村民居选址与朝向、院落形式、空间形态、构造特征及室内外热环境现状；（2）了解了当地居民对室内的热舒适需求特性；（3）得出了与功能房间和使用时段想匹配的室内热环境控制指标；（4）探究了秦巴山区建筑热环境协同营造方式；（5）研究了秦巴低能耗山地建筑模式；（6）探寻了秦巴山区民居适宜性生态建筑模式。本研究将为秦巴山区乡村建筑的室内热环境提升及节能优化设计提供理论依据。