获得感抑或剥夺感：民众得失感知的参照点效应研究

Under the backgrounds of an outstanding problem of between passivation of the acquired sense and ensuing activation of relative deprivation, an analysis framework of the Prospect Theory as the reference point effects is introduced in this proposal, which relies on the evolution of the social opportunity patterns insomuch as to make use of changes in the realistic situation that is pried depending on the multiple reference points. The main objective aim of this proposal is to drive the involved people to participate in the selection of the preferred reference points varying within the process of the gain and loss information processing, in order to reveal the underlying mechanism by which the senses of acquisition and ensuing deprivation are accompanied by each other. For this end, the proposal plans, that have been established on the basis of mechanisms by a variety of data are acquired in reliability for guarantee, will have been accomplished together within the following contents: ①Through the real-time analysis of the population at the actually acquired situations, which are grouped in the focus study along with the eye moving experiments so as to obtain the crowd types of acquisition, which reflect the perceived characteristic elements of the gain and loss; ②Through a series of analysis for the evolution of opportunity situation design patterns relying on the "self to others" staggered with "single point to multipoint" models for cognition of gain and loss, which are induced by experimental verification of cognitive reference points in diversified intervention mode in order to get effects of relevant triggering mechanism and hence establish another reference effect model for the perceptions of gains and losses;③Through the manipulation of the acquisition sets and the subjected types, which are subject for our purpose to verify the group effect of triggering the changing bases and relevant reference points and therefore construct the set of strategies based on the perceived intervention of the typical population. Overall, our research goal is very promising with the putative results that will provide a potent scientific guidance along with a popular policy reference to improve the public awareness and orientation in acquisition being increased and deprivation decreased.

在获得感钝化倾向明显与剥夺感激活问题突出背景下，本课题引入预期理论的参照点效应分析框架，依托社会机会格局演化撬动多重参照点所依存的现实情境改变，驱动人们介入得失信息加工过程的参照点选择变异，进而揭示获得感与剥夺感相伴相随的发生机理。在多种数据采集可靠性保障机制基础上完成以下研究内容：①通过人群获得状况的内容分析、焦点小组研究以及眼动实验构建反映类型人群得失感知特征要素的获得集；②依托机会格局演化情境设计“自我-他人”模式以及“单点-多点”模式交错并存的得失认知诱导实验，求证参照点多元化介入模式下获得集触发得失感知的发生机理，并建立得失感知参照点效应模型；③通过操纵获得集与被试类型，揭示获得集变动与参照点引入偏好变异诱致得失感知群分效应，并构建基于典型人群得失感知干预的策略集合。研究成果将为民众获得感增进与剥夺感消减的认知干预和定向施策提供科学指引。

不同参照结构引起得失感知在得失框架下的参照依赖效应，进而在实际获得既定情况下出现得失感知偏误。本项目建立了参照彩票结构模型，通过开展最后通牒实验、公共品实验和田野实验等，揭示了得失感知的纵向参照框架下的现状偏误、迭代顺序偏误以及横向比较框架下的他人偏误等，并提出并印证了获得感的增进路径。这些探讨，不仅有助于回答多元参照点介入得失框架诱导个体获得感抑或剥夺感演进的科学问题，也有助于破解获得感悖论，继而为提升民众的主观福祉提供干预路径。