The prevalence of chronic liver desease in our country is very high,especially liver fibrosis induced by uncurable chronic hepatitis is very common in clinic. The researches on the pathogenesis of hepatic fibrosis recognize that extracellular matrix(ECM) deposition result from activation of hepatic stellate cell (HSC) is a key step in the development of liver fibrosis,but information from experimental systems also demonstrates that hepatocyte apoptosis is also sufficient to cause hepatic fibrogenesis. We have known that cell apoptosis can be initiated either by death receptor pathway or by mitochondrial-dependent apoptosis pathway, but current information continues to imply a direct link between endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) and cell apoptosis. Now, the activation mechanism of caspase12, a key signaling molecule in ERS-mediated apoptosis, is largely unknown. Calpain2 are a family of Ca2+ -dependent intracellular cysteine proteases, current studies suggested that calpain2 may be associated with the cleavage of caspase12. Because caspase12 pathway is a specific signaling pathway of ERS-mediated apoptosis, so to research the mechanism of caspase12 activation is very important, it may provide a new target for anti-fibrosis therapy.Our study tries to provide evidence for the important role of calpain2 in caspase12 activation at the ERS-mediated apoptosis during the liver fibrosis.
慢性肝病在我国发病率很高,特别是慢性肝炎迁延不愈所致肝纤维化在临床上非常常见。目前有关肝纤维化发病机制的研究认为除HSC活化外,肝细胞凋亡过度也是肝纤维化发生的机制之一。既往研究认为细胞凋亡主要由死亡受体和线粒体依赖的凋亡通路介导,而近年的研究发现内质网应激(ERS)也可介导细胞凋亡过程,并与肝纤维化的发生有一定的联系。目前,关于ERS介导细胞凋亡过程中关键信号分子caspase12活化的机制尚不十分清楚,推测可能与钙蛋白酶calpain2对caspase12的水解有关。由于caspase12是ERS介导凋亡的特异性信号通路,因此深入探讨caspase12的活化机制对于阐明ERS介导的凋亡信号通路以及为临床治疗寻找新的靶点具有重要意义。
肝细胞凋亡是肝纤维化的重要发生机制之一。既往研究发现细胞凋亡主要由死亡受体和线粒体途径介导,而近年来的研究发现内质网应激也介导了细胞凋亡过程,并与肝纤维化的发生密切相关。本课题以CCl4染毒复制大鼠肝纤维化模型,结果发现肝纤维化过程中内质网应激标志蛋白GRP78、GRP94、CHOP表达上调,凋亡蛋白酶caspase12、caspase3的水解活化增加;透射电镜及TUNEL法检测发现肝纤维化大鼠肝细胞中内质网发生明显扩张、细胞凋亡显著增加。上述结果证实内质网应激参与了肝纤维化的发生发展,并通过激活特异定位于内质网外膜上的caspase12,促进肝细胞凋亡。进一步对肝组织中calpain2、calpastatin、talin的检测发现,肝纤维化过程中calpain2表达及活性增高、calpain2的抑制蛋白calpastatin及底物talin表达减少,提示它们可能参与了肝纤维化的发生发展过程,而其介导细胞损伤的机制可能与calpain2激活特异定位于内质网上的caspase12有关。为证实这一假设,本研究进一步采用2.5 mmol/L DTT刺激体外培养的肝细胞BRL-3A,诱导细胞发生内质网应激。结果发现,DTT处理BRL-3A细胞后GRP78、GRP94、CHOP、caspase12、caspase3的表达显著增高,且BRL-3A细胞中的内质网发生明显扩张;流式细胞术检测发现,细胞凋亡率较对照组显著增加。此外,肝细胞发生内质网应激时,细胞中Ca2+浓度、calpain2表达及活性均显著增高;免疫荧光共定位显示内质网应激时calpain2移位到内质网上;免疫共沉淀显示,calpain2可与caspase12发生相互作用。上述结果提示calpain2可能通过caspase12介导肝细胞凋亡的过程。为此,我们进一步采用calpain2 siRNA下调calpain2的表达,并通过calpain的特异性抑制剂Z-LLY-FMK抑制calpain2的活性。结果发现,当calpain2表达下调或者活性被抑制的时候,可显著降低caspase12的激活及肝细胞的凋亡。通过本研究证实了calpain2在内质网应激介导的肝细胞凋亡中发挥了重要作用,同时也为临床保护肝细胞,减轻肝细胞凋亡提供了新的理论依据。
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数据更新时间:2023-05-31
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