稀疏金属化通孔阵列的电磁特性分析

Recently, the development of substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) has witnessed explosive growth because their physical configuration and electromagnetic characteristics combine the advantages of both metallic waveguide and microstrip line, especially driven by their usefulness in system-in-a-package (SiP) technologies. However, the processing technology often causes the metallic via-holes of SIW to be sparse and the waveguide to be lossy in high frequency communication and radar systems. Therefore, the characteristics study of sparse metallic via-holes array is becoming very significant. This project will analyze the electromagnetic characteristics of sparse metallic via-holes array by using the Contour Integral Equation (CIE) method at first. The signal integrity of sparse substrate integrated waveguide will be studied, and the detailed design guidelines of SIW at high frequency system will be given...Taking advantage of sparse metallic via-holes array, the lateral sparse half mode substrate integrated waveguide (LS-SIW) is proposed. The propagation characteristics and radiation properties of the periodical LS-SIW will be studied based on the analysis of electromagnetic characteristics of the sparse metallic via-holes array. It will be theoretically proved that the phase constant and attenuation constant of LS-SIW can be independently controlled. Radiation mechanism of LS-SIW based antenna will be investigated, the design guideline for the antenna will be given, and a circularly polarized leaky-wave antenna and an airborne conformal antenna will be designed. In addition, the study of sparse metallic via-holes array will be extended to the principle analysis of the coupler design for the filter based on SIW...In summary, this project will replenish the analysis of SIW by studying the sparse metallic via-holes array, and the results are important for guiding the designers to utilize or avoid using the sparse metallic via-holes array when designing SIW.

基片集成波导（SIW）因其物理形态和特性兼备金属波导和微带线的优点而备受关注。SIW常用于系统级封装（SiP）中，然而由于加工工艺的限制常使SIW在高频通信/雷达系统中的金属化通孔比较稀疏而造成信号传输损耗。因此，本项目以SIW的信号完整性分析为研究目标之一，采用闭合曲线积分法分析稀疏金属化通孔阵列的电磁特性，并研究稀疏的金属化通孔对SIW信号完整性的影响。.近年学者们利用稀疏金属化通孔设计了侧稀疏准半模基片集成波导（LS-SIW）构成新型电路用于特殊的天线设计，并通过实验推论出其相位常数与衰减常数独立可控，但对其理论研究并不成熟。因此，项目以分析LS-SIW为第二个研究目标，在稀疏金属化通孔的电磁特性研究的基础上，对LS-SIW的传播机理和辐射特性进行研究，从理论上证明LS-SIW相位常数和衰减常数独立可控，并将基于这一特性设计圆极化漏波天线和机载/弹载共型天线来证明理论正确性与实用性。

本项目分析了稀疏金属化通孔阵列的电磁特性，并建立了金属通孔周期结构的理论体系和等效电路模型，求解了传播常数及输入阻抗等特性参数的计算公式，掌握周期结构的设计规律。并基于周期结构的特殊传播特性，把周期结构用作高性能频率选择表面设计，设计出了具有椭圆滤波特性的频率选择表面、双频带/多频带等频率选择表面。围绕周期结构开展理论研具有较大的学术创新意义和应用价值。本项目将周期结构的分析用于具有高性能的椭圆形滤波性能的频率选择表面设计。主要研究内容和成果有：（1）加载稀疏端接负载的介质谐振器作为第三维结构按一定规律嵌入传统二维通孔金属板频率选择表面的金属通孔中，设计出了具有两个传输极点的准三维频率选择表面和具有两个传输极点的二阶准三维频率选择表面。这种准三维结构使传统具有单传输极点的二维通孔金属板频率选择表面实现多个传输极点，并且嵌入的纵向谐振器可以调整多个传输极点的谐振频点和阻抗匹配特性以实现通带带宽和插入损耗可控。（2）我们进一步构造了一种新型的频率选择表面结构的传输零点以提高频率响应的带外抑制特性。通过改变我们提出的二阶准三维频率选择表面中的圆形金属贴片为金属圆环，我们通过形成交叉耦合从而产生传输零点，这里主要构造的为磁耦合。最终我们设计了具有两个传输极点和两个零点的椭圆滤波特性频率选择表面。上述成果证实了我们通过稀疏金属化通孔阵列的电磁特性入手，进一步扩展到以周期结构为基础的频率选择表面问题的研究，最终在频率选择表面中构建多传输零极点的设想是正确有效的，这为频率选择表面性能的提升提供了理论和实验依据。