中国小包脚菇属分子系统学研究

Volvariella is an important genus of Agaricales, Volvariella volvacea is one of the famous cultivated edible fungi, and has important values in both science and economics. Many unsolved disputes in taxonomic identification and phylogeny among the species in Volvariella need to be resolved, especially the establishment of Volvopluteus, the species and genus definitions were short of scientific and systematic evaluations, meanwhile, based on the Chinese specimens the molecular phylogenetic studies and the species diversity analysis were few reported. The positions of some Chinese species are very ambiguous in the existing taxonomy systems of Volvariella. Therefore, molecular study on phylogenetic system of the genus should be carried out further and systematically to solve these problems. This project is based on morphological research. Fungal specimens will be collected across China, and also will be borrowed from national and international fungal herbaria. Based on collections and examination (old and new materials) a natural classification and the systematics position of the Volvariella will be evaluated using individual gene (ITS/nLSU/nSSU/tef1/rpb2) and multi-gene (ITS+nLSU+nSSU+tef1+rpb2) analyses. This proposed project will clarify the phylogenetic relationships of the Chinese Volvariella species, and the unsolved taxonomical status of the Chinese Volvariella species will be resolved. This study will further provide fungal resources and diversity of Volvariella in China which is very important for understanding the evolutionary of fungi, and for the development of straw mushroom industry in China.

小包脚菇属（草菇属）是伞菌类群的重要成员，草菇是著名的栽培食用菌之一，该属的研究具有重要的科学意义和经济价值。传统小包脚菇类群的形态分类与系统发育等方面存在很多尚未解决的问题，尤其是托光柄菇属的建立导致传统小包脚菇类群在属、种界定方面需要更多科学系统的评价，而基于我国相关材料的分子系统发育研究并不多见，缺乏对我国种类的分析；我国部分类群在现有系统中位置模糊，或存在过渡类型，部分类群地位特殊，系统学研究亟待深入开展。本项目旨在经典分类学研究基础上，通过全国范围内标本补点采集、对国内外重要馆藏标本进行系统研究，基于ITS、nLSU、nSSU、tef1和rpb2等单基因和多基因片段构建系统发育树，完善或重建更加合理自然的小包脚菇类群分类系统，明确该类群属间和属下物种的系统发育关系，解决一些疑难属种和争议属种的分类地位，同时认知我国小包脚菇类群的物种多样性，为我国草菇产业的健康发展提供科学资源。

草菇（Volvariella volvacea）人工栽培起源于中国，我国也是全球最主要的草菇生产国，开展我国小包脚菇属真菌的分类学和分子系统学研究具有重要的科学意义和经济产业价值。小包脚菇属与近缘属间的在分类鉴定与系统发育等方面存在诸多问题，错误命名，分类地位不清楚，物种间分类界线混淆，我国的小包脚菇属真菌分子证据较少，其科学性、完整性和系统性都存在不足。本项目深入系统地对我国各地区的小包脚菇属及其近缘属真菌进行形态分类学和分子系统学研究。发现小包脚菇及其近缘属新种2种，新记录种2种，疑似新种2种；编制我国小包脚菇属类群的分类检索表；基于多基因系统发育分析重构基于我国小包脚菇属真菌的分子系统发育树。建立更加自然合理的小包脚菇属及其近缘属分类系统，探讨了该属间和属下各物种间系统发育关系，解决一些疑难属种和有争议属种的分类地位，同时认知我国小包脚菇属及相关类群的物种多样性，为我国小包脚菇属（草菇）产业的健康发展提供科学依据和资源。