高速行车条件下铁路道岔典型损伤机理与性能演变诊控

Extensive damage surveys of the impact on the turnout performance have been carried out, including statistical analysis of the characterization and the causes of the various types of damages, a classification methods and standards of turnout damages will be proposed. On this basis, several typical damages of the turnout were selected to study the damage mechanism. A vehicle/turnout system dynamics theory was established according to the dynamic wheel/rail interaction of turnout zone and the relation between wheel/rail contact fatigue and wear, with full consideration of actual state of the turnout under high-speed running conditions. Within the vehicle/turnout coupling system, the dynamic performance evolution law of the turnout degradation and deterioration will be explored. Meanwhile, considering the change of temperature cycling and plasticity characteristics of the railway track resistance, the performance evolution of welded turnout under the multi-field coupling effects will be studied. Field tests and theoretical analysis will be combined to get the fatigue load spectrum of turnout with movable-nose frog, and to establish turnouts fatigue accumulation damage model, so as to obtain the assessment method for service life of turnout with movable-nose frog. The dynamic damage indicators of the turnout's key part and its security service monitoring parameters will be put forward. Focus on the real-time monitoring of the turnout rail damage and the conversion equipments, technical researches such as turnout damage identification, wireless sensing element integration and multi-source wireless signal transmission, storage, processing and power supply will be carried out to form the turnout dynamic damage and security service performance monitoring system solution under high-speed running conditions.

针对影响道岔使用性能的损伤开展广泛调研，统计分析各类损伤的表现及成因，提出道岔损伤分类方法和标准。在此基础上选择几种典型的道岔损伤展开其机理研究。基于岔区动态轮轨关系和道岔钢轨接触疲劳与磨损关系，建立可全面考虑高速行车条件下道岔实际状态的列车/道岔系统动力学理论，于车岔耦合系统中探索道岔损伤劣化动力性能演变规律，同时，考虑温度循环变化及线路阻力的塑性特性，研究多场耦合作用下无缝道岔的性能演变规律。通过现场试验与理论分析相结合，获取可动心轨道岔疲劳载荷谱，建立道岔疲劳累积损伤模型开展可动心轨道岔服役寿命评估方法研究。提出服役过程中道岔结构疲劳关键部位的动态损伤与安全服役监控参数指标，着眼于高速行车条件下道岔钢轨损伤和转换设备实时监控，开展道岔结构损伤识别、无线传感元件集成和多源信号无线传输、储存、处理及供电技术研究，从而形成高速行车条件下道岔动态损伤与安全服役性能监控系统解决方案。

高速道岔损伤种类繁多、隐蔽，恶化行车品质并加剧道岔性能劣化。目前，道岔损伤机理不明确、标准不科学、寿命不可估、状态不识别、性能无监控，国内外鲜有对高速道岔损伤机理及性能演变诊控展开系统研究。本项目针对影响道岔使用性能的损伤展开广泛调研，统计分析各类损伤的表现及成因，提出道岔损伤分类方法和标准。为探明道岔典型损伤机理，研究考虑高速行车条件下道岔实际状态的车辆/道岔系统动力学理论，基于岔区轮轨接触理论和道岔钢轨摩擦磨损机理，结合拉丁随机抽样方法生成关键动力学参数，研究钢轨磨耗数值仿真方法。于车岔耦合系统中探索道岔损伤劣化动力性能演变规律，同时，考虑温度循环变化及线路阻力的塑性特性，研究多场耦合作用下无缝道岔的性能演变规律。通过现场试验与理论分析相结合，获取可动心轨道岔疲劳载荷谱，探索道岔疲劳失效寿命计算方法；结合道岔钢轨接触疲劳与磨损耦合关系，开展可动心轨道岔服役寿命评估方法研究。提出服役过程中道岔结构疲劳关键部位的动态损伤与安全服役监控参数指标，着眼于高速行车条件下道岔钢轨损伤和转换设备实时监控，开展道岔结构损伤识别、无线传感元件集成和多源信号无线传输、储存、处理及供电技术研究，从而形成高速行车条件下道岔动态损伤与安全服役性能监控系统解决方案。最终，本项目提出了道岔损伤分类方法；建立了反映实际状态的车辆/道岔系统动力学理论，提出了道岔钢轨磨损失效寿命预测方法；测定了无缝道岔线路及传力部件的阻力特性，提出了考虑轨温循环变化和塑性阻力的无缝道岔计算方法，揭示了道岔性能演变规律；测定了道岔部件疲劳性能参数与疲劳载荷谱；构建了环境激励下道岔结构损伤识别算法。项目成果为探明道岔损伤对行车品质和道岔性能劣化的影响提供支撑；为道岔寿命预测、科学制定道岔钢轨失效更换标准提供借鉴；为实现高速道岔“状态修”提供决策参考。