多巴胺、5-羟色胺通路相关基因及家庭环境对创造力的影响及其作用机制

Identification and exploration of the genetic basis of creativity as well as the possible mechanism through which they interact with environmental factors to contribute to creativity has been a leading issue in creativity research. The overarching goal of this project is to investigate the effect of about 700 SNPs on 32 genes in dopamine (DA) and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) pathway on creativity in the Chinese Han population, and to explore and characterize the interaction of the above genetic polymorphisms and family environmental factors in contributing to creativity. It is designed that one thousand university students participate this project and three specific aims are expected: (1) To examine associations between creativity and genetic polymorphisms in DA and 5-HT pathways through three levels of association analysis (single gene association analysis, pathway-based association analysis and gene-gene interaction association analysis). (2) To examine the moderating effect of family environmental factors ( including family's socioeconomic status, family atmosphere and parenting style ) on the relationship between the above genetic polymorphisms and creativity. (3) To examine the common and differential mechanism of creative thinking and creative personality. It is expected that this project will advance our understanding of creativity and find the underlying reason for the individual differences in creativity. It is also expected that this project will construct a theoretical model about individual differences on creativity and provide some important insight into assessing and cultivating creative talents.

确定与创造力相联系的遗传因素，并揭示其与环境因素的交互作用是创造力研究的前沿问题。本项目拟在中国汉族人群中考察多巴胺（DA）、5-羟色胺（5-HT）神经递质通路上的32个基因约700个多态性位点与创造力的关系，并探讨家庭环境在遗传多态性与创造力关系中的调节作用。研究内容包括：（1）通过三个水平（单基因、基于通路以及基因-基因交互作用）的关联分析，考察遗传多态性对创造力的影响，揭示创造力的遗传基础；（2）通过基因-环境交互作用的关联分析，考察家庭环境（包括家庭SES、家庭环境氛围、父母教养方式）在遗传与创造力关系中的调节作用；（3）通过结构方程模型的比较分析，揭示遗传多态性与家庭环境在创造力两个方面（创造思维与创造人格）共享的与特异的作用机制。该项目成果能够从遗传与环境交互作用的角度阐明创造力个体差异的原因，有助于构建基于创造力个体差异分析的理论模型，对创造人才的鉴别和培养具有重要现实意义。

近年来，随着分子遗传学的迅速发展以及跨领域研究的兴起，发现和确定创造力的遗传基础并揭示遗传与环境之间的交互作用现已成为心理学研究的热点。鉴于此，本项目在中国汉族大学生中系统考察多巴胺（DA）、5-羟色胺（5-HT）神经递质通路上33个基因2357个多态性位点与创造力的关系，并在此基础之上，初步探讨了遗传与家庭环境交互作用对创造力的影响。研究结果显示，DA和5-HT神经递质通路上包括多巴胺D2 受体基因（DRD2）、儿茶酚胺-O-甲基转移酶基因（COMT）、色氨酸羟化酶基因1（TPH1）及色氨酸羟化酶基因2（TPH2）在内的16个基因66个多态性位点与创造力的不同表现形式（发散思维、创造性问题提出和问题解决、顿悟问题解决、创造性行为）密切相关。在遗传与家庭环境交互作用对创造力影响及作用机制方面，本项目发现，DA和5-HT神经递质通路与创造力联系密切的多态性位点的联合作用（累加基因）与父母教养方式以交互作用的方式对其子女创造力发挥作用，解释率达16%~18%，远高于单个基因及其与环境的交互作用对创造力的影响。具体来说，遗传与父母教养方式交互作用分析发现，父亲的低冷漠有助于提高5-HT神经递质通路上高创造力遗传优势子女思维的灵活性，母亲关怀与父亲鼓励自主能更好地发挥遗传基因上的积极优势，尤其是对男孩的创造力有显著的促进作用。本项目研究进一步证明，大多数遗传与父母教养方式的交互作用模式符合不同易感模型。这些结果从微观层面揭示了创造力的遗传基础，为家庭教育针对不同个体的遗传特点采取不同的教养方式提供了实证支持和明确指导。