嵌入集群内的中国非正规经济组织创业成长中的合法性和生存性研究

Since the appearance of Informal Employment initiated by the International Labor Organization（ILO）(1973), Informal Economy Organizations（IEOs）have become the focus for international research. ..These organizations are usually dissociated from legal structures and are not recognized, nor supported by the local government. Sometimes they even became equivalent to illegal activities and thus are interfered. The copycats in China, embedded in the clusters in forms of assimilation, grassroots' stylistics and cottage firms with various handicrafts, are a group of organizations "forgotten" by management researchers, who badly need regulation and guidance in terms of legislation, management and social recognition. ..Copycat style firms in many emerging economies play an important role. Yadong Luo & Jinyun Sun &Stephanie Lu Wang(2011）refer to emerging economy copycats , which have a key feature that they begin with imitation and later progress toward innovation. This research explored how copycat ventures in informal organizations get legitimacy and overcome Liability of Newness...The research defined Copycat firm according to the degree of legitimacy, from low to high, use the spectrum picture to provide a framework. Three cases studied in this paper were companies which were from the early stages of development companies with low legitimacy to get through step by step, including innovation capacity, to enhance the legitimacy of capacity, and finally developed into a high legitimacy...Through a literature review of international research and constructing a systematic and integrated model framework, we intend to interpret the survivability and legitimacy of the entrepreneurial growth of the informal economic organizations within clusters in China. This project shall be carried out through both empirical study and case analysis to find out the relevant factors for such affection. Consequently, a new approach shall be provided for the survivability and legitimacy of such organizations in view of systematic and cognitive perspectives, which shall provide as a basis for the government to make supportive policies.

【内容摘要】自国际劳工组织（ILO）(1973)首先提出"非正规就业"概念以来，非正规经济组织就成为国际研究焦点，这些组织常常游离于现行的法律框架之外，普遍不为各国地方政府认可、支持或管辖，甚至被与非法活动等同起来，加以干扰和抑制。嵌入集群内的以模仿、草根型创业为主要特征的中国山寨式企业以及众多具有手工技艺特征的村落式企业是一个被管理学界"遗忘"的研究群体，这些企业亟待在法律、管理以及社会认知等多重构面上加以规范和引导。本项课题期望通过梳理国内外相关文献，通过创构一个系统、整合性分析理论模型框架，试图从理论上解释非正规经济组织在中国的生存机理以及合法性途径；通过大样本的深入调研和实地访谈，本项目将从实证与案例两方面对影响其生存性和合法性的相关因素进行检验和分析。最后，本项课题将从制度和认知两方面研究提升中国此类组织合法性和生存性的新途径，最终为政府客观评估并制订相应支持性政策提供依据。

有着非正规特性的小微企业为我国在世界就业战争中规模性地提供了劳动力主力军，同时也是“中国制造”的重要生产要素基础。本项研究先后对全国450家小微企业和广东省8个集群内790家小微企业进行大样本深入调研和实地访谈，基于社会网络理论、制度理论与创新创业的视角，对不同集群内小微企业的生存状态进行对比分析研究，探索了利用社会网络提升非正规小微企业生存性与合法性的途径。理论贡献在于：建立了中国非正规企业的成长性、嵌入性、生存性和合法性以及四者之间互动关系的理论体系及研究框架。在国际文献研究基础上，系统分析国际上非正规企业提升生存与合法性的战略路径，特别是探索亚洲各国，以及发达国家转型后这类非正规企业组织的发展路径，归纳出战后日本、韩国及中国台湾从模仿走向自主创新，进而创造市场竞争优势方面的成功经验。形成了七篇论文发表在国内外期刊上。实证研究方面，本项目通过大样本的调查数据，探讨非正规要素与提升创新性和合法性之间的关联程度。选择具有代表性的有着实质性创新的集群以及案例企业进行深入的访谈，特别是要对非正规企业在整个产业链上的生存方式进行全面的摸底，探索具有代表性的绩效表现突出的非正规企业进行深入的个案调研，探索中国典型的非正规企业提升创新性和合法性的好的经验，相关案例已经编辑出版。政策建议方面，最终形成了一系列的报告，主要以政策建议的方式提交给广东省委、中国科协国际部以及共青团团中央等决策部门，用于指导中国管理的具体决策和政策落地。建议包括：要想促进非正规经济组织的发展，必须要强化“中国集群制造”的文化宣传，增强集群内非正规小微企业的合法性和正当性，发挥政府、金融机构以及协会团体的联合促进功能，通过进一步深化改革，更好地发挥市场在资源配置中的基础性作用，以促使集群内成长型的非正规小微企业由经济人企业向社会人企业，进而向文化人企业的演化。