基于保护管理目标体系的国家公园分区规划研究

China's national park system reform is one of the grounding work of the ecological civilization construction in our country. Pilot work has been stretched out all over and it’s urgent that Scientific methods and technical support is guaranteed on the general planning level. Given the importance of zoning in the protection and management of protected areas, this study aims to promote the transparency, scientificalness and feasibility of zoning by designing and carrying out a quantitative analysis model based on protection and management objective system. Firstly, the zoning methods and its effectiveness on protected areas will be investigated at home and abroad. Secondly, a framework of management objectives will be constructed which consists of 3 main categories of objectives and a number of subcategories objectives, as well as the timing objectives which is indefinite, long-term and near-term. Through the analysis of objective weight, the primary goal of ‘protection priorities and public benefit’ will be guaranteed. Based on the objective system, zoning will be modelled. A clear step-by-step mythology will be adopted, which are identification of land units, multi-objective land suitability evaluation, confliction weighting and zoning decision. The study will apply multicriteria decision analysis techniques in GIS spatial analysis context to support the quantitative analysis for zoning. Finally, the research will chose two typical Pilot National Parks as case study areas, of which one is the Three River Source Pilot National Park(partial) located in western China, while the other is Wuyi Mountain Pilot National Park in eastern China. Zoning plan will be presented for the two Pilot National Parks using the promoted model. In return, the model will be optimized based on these two case areas and also policy implications concerning National Park zoning will be proposed.

我国国家公园体制改革是生态文明建设的落地之举。试点工作已经全面展开，在总体规划层面亟需科学方法和技术支撑。分区规划是保护管理的重要工具，本研究旨在构建基于目标体系的国家公园分区规划模型，提升分区规划的透明性、科学性和可操作性。在调研国内外自然保护地分区规划的基础上，针对我国国家公园建设的特殊性，建立以“保护优先、全民公益”为首要目标的国家公园保护管理目标体系，包括5大类若干小类的分类目标和理想状态、规划期限、近期共3个时段的分时目标，并讨论各类目标的权重分析方法，形成目标体系矩阵。基于保护管理目标体系，从土地单元划定、目标适宜性分析、冲突取舍、分区决策4个部分，构建分区规划模型，运用GIS空间分析技术和多准则决策支持技术进行定量研究以形成分区规划方案。选取分别位于我国西部和东部的青海三江源（部分）和福建武夷山两个国家公园体制试点区进行案例实证研究，对分区规划模型进行优化并提出政策建议。

我国国家公园体制改革是我国国家公园体制改革是生态文明建设的落地之举。试点工作已经全面展开，在总体规划层面亟需科学方法和技术支撑。分区规划是保护管理的重要工具，本研究旨在构建基于目标体系的国家公园分区规划模型，提升分区规划的透明性、科学性和可操作性。.本研究调研了国内外各类自然保护地分区规划方法、分区政策的特征，并进行了系统性分析。针对我国国家公园建设的特殊性，建立了以“保护优先、全民公益”为首要目标的国家公园保护管理目标体系，包括5大类若干小类的分类目标和理想状态、规划期限、近期共3个时段的分时目标，并讨论各类目标的权重分析方法，形成目标体系矩阵。基于保护管理目标体系，从土地单元划定、目标适宜性分析、冲突取舍、分区决策4个部分，构建分区规划模型，运用GIS空间分析技术和多准则决策支持技术进行定量研究以形成分区规划方案。.研究为武夷山国家公园体制试点区和内蒙古自治区拟建呼伦贝尔国家公园提供了分区规划方案。武夷山和呼伦贝尔分别处于我国不同地理条件、社会经济发展条件下的国家公园试点区或拟建区，在全国范围内具有典型性和代表性。研究为两处国家公园分区规划提供了多情景比较研究，并推荐了优选方案，为各分区提供了政策建议。不仅为上述两处国家公园政策制定提供了科学基础，也为我国国家公园体制试点，以及其他各类自然保护地规划提供了借鉴与参考。.本研究成果具有很强的应用价值、示范意义与社会效益。为正在进行的“建立国家公园体制”“建立以国家公园为主体的自然保护地体系”等国家重大战略提供了科学支撑，为相关政策制定与落地提供了参考。