中国海长脚蟹科系统分类和动物地理学研究

Goneplacidae is a typical group of benthic crab fauna. Goneplacid crabs inhabit from subtidal zone to the marginal waters of the continental shelf, and are widely distributed in China Seas with great biomass. New species and new records of this fauna remain undiscovered in some areas. The identification of Goneplacidae was limited to only a few unstable external morphological characters, and the phylogeny above the general level is complex. It is necessary to find more reliable characters in order to make a comprehensive phylogenetic analysis and to amend the existing classification systems, with the combination of DNA information. On the basis of the large amount of goneplacid specimens deposited in the the Institute of Oceanology，Chinese Academy of Sciences, we will carry on zoogeographic research of Goneplacidae with the help of bioinformatics tools, which aims at the characteristics of geographical distribution, and exploring new methods for mining of benthic ecology information.

长脚蟹科Goneplacidae为典型的底栖蟹类，栖息于潮下带至大陆架外缘深海，在中国海域有10属26种，分布广泛且生物量很大，部分海域仍存在未发现的新物种和新记录。目前长脚蟹科的物种鉴定限于少量且不稳定的外部形态学特征，属以上分类阶元间的关系复杂，有必要寻找稳定性状结合DNA信息进行综合分析，研究其系统发生关系，修订现有分类系统。海洋所馆藏的中国海域长脚蟹标本数量多，采集全面系统，生物多样性较高，可作为典型类群进行动物地理学研究，在信息学工具的帮助下研究其地理分布的特点，为底栖生物基础资料的信息挖掘探索新的方法。

本项目根据中国科学院海洋研究所馆藏的长脚蟹标本，研究了中国海域长脚蟹科系统分类与地理分布特点。经本项目研究整理，中国海域长脚蟹科已报道12属29种，长脚蟹总科共计有5科26属51种。发现中国海域3新记录种：Notonyx musuppocenta Clark et Ng, 2011，三斑强蟹Eucrate tripunctata Campbell, 1969，Megaesthesius sagedae Rathbun, 1909。发现宽背蟹科新种海南强蟹Eucrate hainanensis sp. nov.。完成相关物种多样性数据库。.对中国海域长脚蟹科物种地理分布初步研究表明，在我国沿海其种数由北至南显著增多，而且全部为热带或亚热带暖水性种。并与邻近的菲律宾群岛海域、安达曼海及日本海域的长脚蟹类群进行了比较。