基于邻里效应的中国城市社区规划研究

Accompanied by urban China’s rapid transformations, related issues such as unemployment, adolescent development and public health have placed new challenges for contemporary community planning: besides focusing on environmental improvement and social equity, more attentions are needed regarding human development. The newly emerged empirical studies on neighborhood effects in Western academia show that neighborhoods could have significant and profound effects on individuals’ employment, adolescent development and health status. Therefore, will China experience similar neighborhood effects? Will neighborhood effects bring new theoretical and empirical perspectives to China’s community planning? These questions are to be answered. Based on neighborhood effect theories, this project will first develop a theoretical framework for China’s community planning. Second, based on neighborhood and individual level data collected from Changchun, with the aid of mathematical and spatial analysis, this project will examine the effects that neighborhoods have on individuals, and will reveal the significant factors through which neighborhoods place their impacts. Third, based on analysis above, this project will provide suggestions for community planning, regarding the neighborhood-level indicators. This project contributes to the academic world by filling the gap of neighborhood empirical research in China, and by completing theoretical framework for China’s community planning. This project will also make community planning an effective way to enhance overall socio-economic and health status of individuals.

随着中国城市进入快速转型阶段，城市中的失业、青少年发展和公共健康等问题给社区规划带来了新的挑战——除了回应传统的空间改善和社会公平等议题外，社区规划还应对居民个体发展产生积极影响。西方学界近年来兴起的“邻里效应”实证研究初步证实了邻里对居民就业、青少年发展和健康显著而持久的影响。那么，中国城市中是否也存在类似的邻里效应？邻里效应能否为社区规划提供新的理论和实证视角？这些问题有待回答。据此，本项目结合西方研究进展，构建中国城市中基于邻里效应的社区规划理论框架；进而以长春为例，基于631份社区数据和13656份个体问卷数据，结合数理统计和空间分析方法，揭示邻里对个体多方面的影响结果及其机制；最后，基于上述研究结果，提出社区规划中应当控制的核心指标及其阈值。本项目的完成将弥补中国邻里效应实证研究的不足，有助于完善中国社区规划理论体系，使得社区规划成为整体提升居民社会、经济和健康水平的重要抓手。

随着我国进入高质量发展阶段，保障和改善民生水平已经上升为国家战略。邻里作为居住生活的基本单元，对居民的态度、行为和健康状态产生着深远的影响，为社区规划带来了新的思路——除了回应传统的空间改善和社会公平等议题外，社区规划还能对个体发展产生积极影响。基于此，本项目首先系统梳理了西方学界关于邻里效应的实证研究进展，并基于中西方城市的对比分析，提出中国城市邻里效应实证研究框架。其次，本项目选择长春市中心城区为研究范围，结合全市范围的问卷调查数据和第六次人口普查数据，以社区为空间分析单元，利用多层线性回归模型的分析方法，探索邻里社会经济和建成环境特征对居民邻里满意度和主观幸福感的影响。最后，基于研究结果，提出中国城市背景下基于邻里效应的社区规划干预框架。本项目首次在中国社区规划中引入邻里效应视角；建立了中国城市邻里效应实证研究框架，并结合数据进行了验证；在研究方法特色方面，本研究是结合普查和问卷调查的全市范围定量研究，能解释邻里对个体广泛、复杂的影响。本项目的完成将弥补中国邻里效应实证研究框架的不足，有助于完善中国社区规划理论体系，使得社区规划成为整体保障民生水平的有力抓手。