中印传统城市邻里的“建筑民族志”研究

By introducing the theory of architectural ethnography into studying historic urban neighborhoods, this project will look into the historic city of Ahmedabad (India) and Quanzhou (China) to make a transcultural comparison of their historic neighborhoods, which are exemplary and highly comparable. It investigates coupling of social structure and spatial narration in the residential-religious neighborhoods by applying the architectural ethnography method, which, as a strategy of heritage digitalization, involves measuring techniques, mapping approach, element identification and value assessment. It contains four aspects as follows: rationale of making the transcultural comparison, techniques of architectural ethnography for heritage digitalization, architectural ethnography of Chinese and Indian historic neighborhoods, comparison of Chinese and Indian historic neighborhoods based on architectural ethnography. The expected outcomes of this project will contribute to the theory and practices of preserving Asian Heritage Cities by filling the gap of studies on historic neighborhoods. It will also provide a new perspective for transcultural comparative studies of the heritage cities along the Silk Road.

本课题将建筑民族志（Architectural Ethnography）引入传统城市邻里研究。从建筑与城市重要观念的有形传播价值出发，选取海陆丝绸之路沿线的印度艾哈迈达巴德（Ahmedabad）古城和中国泉州古城为例，对两者独特而又高度相似的传统邻里进行跨文化比较。运用建筑民族志方法呈现带有“居住—祭祀”叠合特征的邻里空间单元在社会结构与空间叙事上的耦合，对建筑民族志作为遗产数字化策略的测量技术与图绘方法、要素提取与价值评估等方面进行深入探讨。具体研究内容分为：中印传统城市邻里建立跨文化比较的基础、建筑民族志作为遗产数字化策略的关键技术、中印传统城市邻里建筑民族志的构成、中印传统城市邻里基于建筑民族志的比较等四个主要方面。课题预期成果将填补传统城市邻里遗产的研究缺口，在理论和技术方面完善亚洲遗产城市保护体系，为海陆丝绸之路沿线城市遗产的整体性保护提供一种新的视角。

本课题以中印传统城市邻里为研究对象，将其特征视为延续城市空间特色所需要参照的关键要素。引入建筑民族志作为遗产数字化策略，对相关的测量技术与图绘方法、要素提取与价值评估等方面进行了深入探究。具体研究内容包括：建筑民族志作为遗产数字化策略的关键技术、中印传统城市邻里空间的单元与体系、邻里对于传统城市场所营造的关键性作用、邻里传统城市管理模式的当代应用等四个主要方面。建筑民族志方法作为一种图绘研究方法，其多时态的特点适用于对邻里变动性、复杂性的描述，在与数字化的手段结合时超越了静态的历史特征，容纳了更广泛的社会群体及其价值认知。