中国短翅蛩螽的修订

The brachypterous Meconematini i.e. the short-winged quieting-call katydids, belongs to the subfamily Meconematinae of Tettigoniidae. The tribe Meconematini is mainly distributed in the Oriental region, including 47 genera and approximately 400 species in the world, while the brachypterous Meconematini of which deals with 15 genera and more than 70 species, and 12 genera and 57 species occure in China. The brachypterous meconematines are small, delicate, highly arboreal, and flexible in the nymphs and adults, and they feed mainly on small inscets and other small animals. Some groups have sexual dimorphism (the morphology of pronotums and tegmina is distinctly different among male and female). The current status of classification of brachypterous Meconematini is confusion: the descriptions of most genera and species are incomplete, generic diagnosis is undefined, and many recorded species are described with single type specimen or single-sex such as only male or female specimens. To solve these problems, in this subject, we are going to investigate species type localities and mainly distribution like southwestern, south, central China, then comprehensively analyse the morphological characters (including male genitalia), observe the male stridulatory organs in scanning eletron microscope, and compare analysis the character of male calling songs. Meanwhile, according to the cladistic principle and methods, we will analyze the relationship between genera and species using PAUP, and compare the sequences of the mitochontrial genomes COI, Cytb and nuclear H3 gene, so that we systemically revises the short-winged quieting-call katydids in China.

短翅蛩螽隶属于螽斯科蛩螽亚科蛩螽族。除少数类群外，蛩螽族多数种类分布于东洋界，目前全世界记录47属约400种，其中短翅蛩螽15属70余种，中国短翅蛩螽记录12属57种。短翅蛩螽体小，活跃，多为树栖性，以捕食小昆虫等为食；有的类群具雌雄二型现象（雌、雄前胸背板与前翅等差异显著）；对生境要求严格,分布范围窄狭。本项目针对中国短翅蛩螽分类研究存在的突出问题：属级阶元记述不完善，属征不明确，特征重叠；依据单头标本或单一性别的标本命名的种过多；中国种类丰富，但收藏的标本极少，分类混乱的现状，在对模式产地和中国短翅蛩螽分布区--西南、华南和华中地区进行系统考察，和核对模式标本的基础上，综合分析形态特征（包括雄性外生殖器），雄性发声器结构与鸣声特征,根据支序系统学的原理与方法，应用PAUP软件，探讨短翅蛩螽属种间的关系，结合线粒体COI、Cytb基因与核H3基因片段序列特征，系统地修订中国的短翅蛩螽。

对中国蛩螽亚科的异饰尾螽属、拟库螽属、栖螽属指名亚属、栖螽属副栖螽亚属进行了修订。同时，对螽斯科其他亚科的奇螽属、缺翅螽属、锥尾螽属、迟螽属也做了修订；并建立了副吟螽属Paraphlugiolopsis Bian & Shi，2014，斑背螽属Nigrimacula Shi, Bian & Zhou，2016，长叶螽属Doicholobosa Bian，Zhu & Shi，2017三新属，发表新种83种。.应用扫描电子显微镜技术，研究了吟螽属、副吟螽属、异饰尾螽属、华穹螽属、副饰尾螽属、拟库螽属、啮螽属等30余种雄性发声器的结构。研究表明，属种间在发声锉形态、发声齿数量与排列具显著分化。对中国特有种短尾华穹螽雄性鸣声研究表明，其鸣声可能有超声成分。.对吟螽属分布的研究表明，吟螽属及其近缘属主要分布于我国的华南区、华中区和西南区，在西南区的西部山地亚区和喜马拉雅亚区、华中区的西部山地高原亚区、与华南区的滇南山地亚区分布集中，古北界到目前为止，没有发现吟螽属分布。其它短翅蛩螽的分布格局，以华中区的西部山地、西南区的西部山地亚区和喜马拉雅亚区为集中分布区，且特有种占的比例较高。.分子进化方面，基于L-PCR结合Sub-PCR策略测定了3种蛩螽的线粒体基因组，裂涤螽（GeneBank No. KX057710, 16122bp）、安吉拟饰尾螽（GeneBank No. KX057711，16044bp）、比尔拟库螽（GeneBank No. KX057712，16077bp）。联合GeneBank中收录的螽斯线粒体基因组数据构建的系统发育关系支持蛩螽亚科的单系性。.选取了栖螽属（20种）、剑螽属（10种）、优剑螽属（3种）、斑背螽属（2种）、畸螽属（1种）及4个未定名种的样品，基于线粒体COI基因和核ITS1-5.8S rDNA-ITS2片段序列，构建了贝叶斯树、最大似然树、最大简约树，重建中国栖螽属与剑螽属分子系统发育关系。结果表明，联合数据集比单基因数据集能够更好的提高系统发育树各个分支划分的准确性和节点的支持率。COI基因对于种的分子鉴定准确有效，4个未定名种应为新种；ITS1-5.8S rDNA-ITS2片段以及联合数据集更能反映属（亚属）间的关系。栖螽属与剑螽属的单系性都没有得到支持。对于栖螽属，依据分子数据结果支持将东栖螽亚属提升到属级地位。