中国蟋螽亚科修订与系统进化研究

The subfamily Gryllacridinae (often called raspy crickets or leaf-rolling crickets) is specialized for the Orthopterous groups, which secretes silk through mouth part, and bears femoro-abdominal stridulatory apparatus, but without tibial tympana. Up to now, more than 850 species in 99 genera are described worldwide, of which 20 genera and 85 species occur in China. However, many issues still exist in Gryllacrididae taxonomy, such as: unclearly defined the generic characters of some genera, confused boundaries for some genera and high monotype generic ratio. The taxonomic status of partly species are still controversial. In their original descriptions, some species were described based on single sex or single specimen. In earlier research, systematics and evolution studies placed undue emphasis on wing venation and generally ignored other structures. Compared with other relatives of Orthoptera, the study of molecular systematics has not been conducted. Based on the systemically collected specimens and examined the type specimens, this study aims to reconstruct the phylogenetic relationship among genera of Gryllacridinae, revise the gryllacridid systematics and reveal the geographical distribution pattern within China combining morphological characters (including wing venation, apex of abdomen, genitalia, and the ultrastructure of stridulatory organs) and molecular data (COI, Cytb and 28S rRNA). To study the phylogenetic relationship of Gryllacridinae with other related groups of Orhtoptera using the recorded data in NCBI, mitochondrial genome of five raspy crickets will be sequenced.

蟋螽亚科由口器吐丝筑巢，后足股节与腹部摩擦发声，但听器缺失，是直翅目一个独特的类群。到目前为止，全世界蟋螽亚科共记载99属约850种，中国记录20属85种。蟋螽分类与进化研究远落后于直翅目其他类群，针对目前蟋螽分类研究主要依据翅脉特征，其他形态特征没有受到重视；有的属属征不明确，属间特征重叠；单型属所占比例过高，一些种归属变动频繁，分类地位难以确定；依据单一性别或单头标本命名的种较多；分子系统进化研究尚未开展等问题，本课题拟对我国蟋螽分布区进行系统考察采集、核对模式标本的基础上，结合形态学特征（翅脉特征、腹部末端和外生殖器结构、发声器超微结构）和分子数据（线粒体COI、CYTB和核28S rRNA基因序列），重建蟋螽亚科属间系统进化关系，完成中国蟋螽亚科的修订；揭示中国蟋螽亚科地理分布格局；测定5种蟋螽线粒体基因组，联合NCBI收录数据，探讨蟋螽亚科与螽亚目其他类群间系统进化关系。

本项目对中国蟋螽科（原蟋螽亚科）分类、分子鉴定与系统发育、丝腺结构、分布格局进行了深入研究，总结如下：（1）对同蟋螽属、透翅蟋螽属等10余属进行了分类研究，发现原蟋螽属、蟋螽属、缺翅蟋螽属和双刺蟋螽属中国4新记录属，发表22新种，基本掌握了中国蟋螽科种类与分布格局。（2）对中国蟋螽科16属42种，基于DNA条形码序列，进行了分子鉴定。分子界定与形态分类界定结果的一致率高低排序为：jMOTU>NJ单系聚类法>BIN>bPTP>ABGD；物种划分数一致性排序为：jMOTU=ABGD>NJ单系聚类法>BIN>bPTP；验证了7个新分类单元分类地位。以蝗螽科2属3种、驼螽科1属1种为外群，基于线粒体COI、12S rRNA、16S rRNA 和核28SrRNA序列的系统发育分析结果支持11属的单系性，疾蟋螽属和荒蟋螽属形成的姐妹群位于蟋螽科系统发育树的基部。基于COI、H3和ITS序列对中国眼斑蟋螽属7种89个样本系统发育关系重建结果支持角眼斑蟋螽、布氏眼斑蟋螽、短尾眼斑蟋螽、锥尾眼斑蟋螽、锈褐眼斑蟋螽和叉眼斑蟋螽的分类地位，并将峨眉眼斑蟋螽分为2亚种。（3）中国蟋螽科主要分布于华中区、华南区与西南区。（4）应用免疫荧光、扫描电镜和透射电镜技术，研究了峨眉眼斑蟋螽、短刺烟蟋螽、少刺边蟋螽丝腺的显微和超微结构。丝腺由导管和腺泡构成，腺泡由鞘细胞、Ⅰ型分泌细胞、Ⅱ型分泌细胞、围细胞和腔细胞构成。（5）发表螽斯科与驼螽科5新属（长叶螽属、奇异螽属、拟吟螽属、湘杉螽属、新饰尾螽属）69新种。