"膜/电极"一体化导电炭膜的设计、控制制备及在低压电场强化下处理废水的抗污染机理研究

Membrane fouling is the key issue of restricting the extensive application of membrane technology in water treatment. Membrane separation enhanced by Electric Field is a promising anti-fouling technique. In this project, design and controllable preparation of conductive carbon membranes which not only behave as membranes but also as electrodes is proposed to minimize the effects of high energy consumption, and complexity of device structure. Change regularity of microstructure (carbon structure, pore structure) of carbon membranes during preparation is investigated. The relationship between microstructure and electric conductivity of carbon membranes is studies. Furthermore, the relationship between microstructure, electric conductivity and its water treatment performance and anti-pollution ability is illustrated to determine the macroscopical controlling factors in preparation of carbon membranes. Subsequently, the technique methods on controlled preparation of high conductive carbon membranes are established. On this basis, Collaborative role of conductive carbon membranes with low-voltage electric field is studies to explore the mechanisms of the electrokinetic effects and electrochemical degradation reaction on enhancing anti-pollution ability of conductive carbon membranes, revealing anti-pollution mechanism of conductive carbon membranes enhanced by electric field The implementation of this project on the coupling of the electric field and membrane technology effectively to solve membrane fouling and to promote the wide application of membrane water treatment technology has important academic significance and practical value.

在膜法水处理中，膜污染是制约膜技术广泛应用的关键问题。电场强化膜分离是一种最具发展潜力抗污染技术。项目针对该技术存在的高能耗、设备结构复杂等制约其发展的瓶颈问题，设计、制备一种"膜"/"电极"合一的导电炭膜，通过研究导电炭膜制备过程中其微结构（炭结构、孔结构）变化规律及影响因素；微结构与其导电性的内在联系及规律；微结构及导电性与其水处理性能及抗污染能力的联系及规律；确定原料组成及结构、过程控制因素与炭膜微结构性能的关系；实现从宏观层面对炭膜微结构及导电性的调控，形成高性能导电炭膜控制制备技术。在此基础上，研究在低压电场强化下，导电炭膜与电场协同作用处理污水的分离性能及抗污染能力；探讨分离过程中电动力学效应及电化学降解反应对增强导电炭膜抗污染能力的作用机制，揭示导电炭膜在电场强化下的抗污染机理；本项目的实施对有效地解决和控制膜污染，推动膜法水处理技术广泛应用具有重要的学术意义和实际应用价值。

膜分离技术由于具有高效、节能、过程简单、易于控制等优势得到了国内外研究者的广泛关注，已成为当今分离科学中最重要的手段之一。然而，由于膜污染问题的存在，膜分离性能受到严重影响，制约了膜分离技术的广泛应用。. 本项目开发了一种集膜/电极双重功能合一的新型导电炭膜的控制制备技术，研究了低压电场强化下，导电炭膜与电场协同作用处理废水的分离性能及抗污染能力，探讨了分离过程中电化学降解反应及电动力学效应对增强导电炭膜抗污染能力的作用机制。研究表明，（1）通过优化制备工艺参数可以开发出结构性能优异的煤基导电炭膜。调控导电材料（导电炭黑、石墨、碳纤维）的加入比例可实现从宏观层面对炭膜微结构及导电性的控制制备。（2）设计、构建出低压电场强化膜/电极一体化处理系统。分别以罗丹明B废水、孔雀石绿废水、含油废水、含酚废水为处理对象，发现与未施加电场相比，炭膜的分离性能和抗污染能力明显提高。即便经过再生处理后，仍能表现出非常好的的分离性能。电化学降解对增强膜抗污染能力，提高废水去除率方面起着非常重要的作用。当然，电渗作用也有助于提高炭膜的渗透通量。（3）在上述研究工作的基础上，将电场强化膜/电极一体化系统用于处理实际工业废水，也展现出非常好的处理效果，表明该系统具有很强的实用性和可推广性，为导电炭膜的进一步应用开发提供依据和基础数据。. 本项目目前已发表研究论文23篇，其中SCI检索论文11篇，EI检索论文1篇。已获国家授权发明专利5项。培养博士研究生1名，硕士研究生7名。项目的实施对开发出具有我国自主知识产权的新型炭膜材料，有效地解决和控制膜污染，推动膜法水处理技术广泛应用具有重要的学术意义和实际应用价值。.