电场强化重金属离子截留屏障膜法分离体系的构建及作用机理研究

Controlling the discharge of heavy metals wastewater and reducing its pollution to environment have become urgent environmental issues. In this project, rejection barrier for heavy mental ions is constructed to remove and recovery heavy metals from wastewater by the combination of an electric field and membrane separation technology according to the characteristic of heavy metal ions with a positive charge and electric conductivity of porous carbon membranes. Controlled preparation methods of anode porous carbon membrane are studied. The effects of structural properties of anode porous carbon membrane, electric field strength and the collaborative role of the anode membrane and the cathode under the electric field on rejection ability of heavy metal ions are investigated. Motion paths of different heavy metal ions under the electric field are analyzed. On this basis, mass transfer model of heavy metal ions enhanced by the electric field is established to reveal the mechanism of electrodynamics effects (electrophoresis and electro-osmosis) and the electrochemical reaction on the enhanced rejection and recovery capability for heavy metal ions, predicting and guiding the separation process. The implementation of this project on the coupling of the electric field and membrane technology has important academic significance and practical value on solving environmental pollution caused by heavy metal ions in wastewater and promoting the wide application of membrane water treatment technology.

控制重金属废水的排放、减轻其对环境的污染和危害已成为当今社会急需解决的环境问题。本项目基于重金属离子带有正电荷的特性，利用多孔炭膜的导电功能，提出了将电场直接与膜分离技术耦合构建电场强化重金属离子截留屏障膜法分离体系，去除废水中的重金属离子，实现对含重金属废水的净化处理及回收利用。重点研究阳极分离膜的控制制备技术；阳极分离膜的结构特性、电场强度、阳极分离膜与阴极在电场作用下的协同效应对重金属离子截留能力的影响规律及内在联系；不同重金属离子在电场作用下的迁移规律及运行轨迹；建立电场强化下重金属离子传质机理模型，揭示电动力学效应及电化学反应对增强阳极分离膜的截留能力和阴极上电化学沉积回收重金属能力的作用机制；本项目的实施对于有效地解决含重金属废水排放所引起的环境污染问题，推动膜法水处理技术广泛应用具有重要的学术意义和实际应用价值。

控制废水的排放、减轻其对环境的污染和危害已成为当今社会急需解决的环境问题。本项目利用炭膜特有的导电性，将电场与膜分离技术有机耦合，构建电场强化重金属离子截留屏障膜法分离体系，实现对重金属废水的高效处理。项目重点围绕阳极分离炭膜的控制制备技术开展研究工作，考察主要制备工艺参数、共混杂化，以及活化和脱灰改性对阳极分离炭膜孔结构、机械强度和电化学性能的影响及规律；构建电场强化重金属离子截留屏障膜法分离系统，利用FLUENT软件对系统进行流场计算，优化电场强化重金属离子截留屏障膜法分离系统设计；选取典型模拟重金属废水（Pb2+、Ni2+、Cd2+、Cr3+等）系统地考察操作工艺参数对电场强化膜法分离重金属离子的截留效果的影响，确定最佳操作工艺参数，揭示电动力学效应及电化学反应对增强阳极分离膜的截留能力和阴极上电化学沉积回收重金属能力的作用机制；考察了系统对处理多种重金属离子混合废水的效果。在上述研究的基础上，进一步拓展电场强化离子截留屏障膜法分离体系的应用范围，考察了系统对多种带电荷微粒的去除能力和效果，为后续的科研工作提供了新的研究思路。本项目的实施对于有效地解决废水排放所引起的环境污染问题，推动膜法水处理技术广泛应用具有重要的学术意义和实际应用价值。