铂基双金属纳米材料的制备及其在丙烷脱氢制备丙烯中的应用研究

Propane dehydrogenation (PDH) is an important approach for obtaining propylene. Currently, the most widely used catalyst is platinum. However, the noble metal based catalysts are suffering from the limited supply, high cost and poor poison-resistance, which has become the bottleneck for their practical applications. Based on the previous research, some main-group compounds with a d10 electronic configuration, such as germanium oxide, lead oxide and gallium oxide, could be used as the PDH catalyst. In this proposal, we plan to prepare (Pt-main group metal) bimetallic nanoparticles for the PDH application. Monodisperse Pt-M bimetallic nanoparticles with controllable size distribution will be prepared by optimizing the synthetic strategies. Various synchrotron radiation based techniques, such as EXAFS and XANES, will be used to characterize the intrinsic structure and the catalytic mechanisms, which will be useful for improving the design and synthesis of bimetallic nanoparticles. To stabilize the as-prepared nanoparticles, core-shell nanostructures with a porous shell will be prepared through surface and interface engineering. We believe that such a research will pave the way to new catalyst with improved catalytic performance and low cost.

丙烷催化脱氢制备丙烯是一种工业获取丙烯的重要途径，目前的贵金属（铂）催化脱氢材料面临着资源匮乏、价格昂贵、抗毒能力差等难题，已严重制约了其工业应用。具有d10电子结构的主族元素，如锗、铅、镓等，资源丰富、廉价、结构稳定，前期工作表明，该类金属氧化物具有较好的催化脱氢性能。本项目旨在制备铂-主族金属的复合双金属纳米材料，通过优化制备方法和合成条件，制备出形貌均一、尺寸可调的纳米负载催化剂；利用原位同步辐射技术，研究催化机理，明确其催化活性中心，揭示催化剂积炭失活原因，为催化剂设计提供理论依据和实践指导；通过表界面工程，优化复合催化体系的表界面性质，改善催化材料的稳定性和催化性能，大幅降低贵金属的使用量，最终筛选出有望实用化的新型催化剂。

贵金属铂是一种重要的催化剂，但存在着价格昂贵、储量匮乏、稳定性差等难题，严重制约了其广泛应用。本项目尝试通过引入第二种金属元素，制备新型铂基双金属材料用以丙烷脱氢、醇类氧化等催化反应。围绕着这一目标，我们开发了一系列Pt基双金属催化剂的制备方法，实现了催化剂组分、形貌和尺寸的可控可调，利用同步辐射、原位红外光谱等技术讨论了催化机理，优化复合催化体系表界面性质等，最终筛选出了一系列高效、稳定的催化剂。在此基础上，我们也探讨了相似体系，例如Pd/Au/Co/Cu等单/多金属体系的可控合成及其在催化领域的性能和机理，并将相关的研究经验应用于半导体材料例如全无机铅卤钙钛矿材料的合成和应用方面。本项目的顺利实施，不仅有利于高效、稳定催化剂的开发和相应制备方法的建立，而且明确了催化剂性质和性能之间的构效关系，对未来催化剂的设计提供了实例参考。