hCG通过调控碘化酪氨酸脱碘酶提高妊娠期间甲状腺内碘利用效率的实验研究

Iodine deficiency during pregnancy can affect the health and development of the mother and the fetus. Guidelines such as WHO and ATA suggest that pregnant women in areas with adequate iodine should take iodine supplements during pregnancy. However, in actual clinical practice, given the dangers of excessive iodine, few doctors give iodine supplements to pregnant women who have sufficient iodine in accordance with the guidelines. Many scholars also think that pregnancy as a special physiological stage, the iodine metabolism process of thyroid gland is not exactly the same with that in non-pregnant state, but what changes in iodine metabolism process of thyroid gland occur during pregnancy are not yet fully discovered. Iodotyrosine Deiodinase (IYD) can decompose MIT and DIT which are not used for the synthesis of thyroid hormones into iodine, so that iodine can be reused inside the thyroid gland. IYD is the key protein of iodine metabolism regulated by TSH and iodine. Starting from in vitro and in vivo experiments, we focused on the regulation of thyroid IYD by hCG using HPLC-ICP-MS, laser confocal microscope and other experimental techniques. We hope to find iodine utilization efficiency will be increased in thyroid during pregnancy. The research will provide a theoretical basis for iodine metabolism and iodine intake during pregnancy.

妊娠期碘缺乏会影响母体和胎儿的健康发育。WHO、ATA等指南均建议碘充足地区的孕妇在孕期额外补碘，但在实际的临床工作中，考虑到碘过量的危害，少有医生依照指南的建议指导碘充足地区的孕妇额外补碘。很多学者也认为妊娠作为一种特殊的生理阶段，其甲状腺内的碘代谢过程与非妊娠状态时不完全一致，但究竟甲状腺的碘代谢过程在妊娠时发生哪些变化尚未被完全发现。碘化酪氨酸脱碘酶（Iodotyrosine Deiodinase，IYD）能将未被用来合成甲状腺激素的MIT和DIT分解成碘，使碘在甲状腺内可以重新利用。IYD是碘代谢的关键蛋白，受TSH和碘的调控。本研究将hCG与TSH的结构相似性作为出发点，从体内和体外实验入手，利用HPLC-ICP-MS、共聚焦显微镜等技术，着重研究hCG对甲状腺IYD的调控，从而说明妊娠提高甲状腺内碘的利用效率，希望本研究可以为妊娠条件下碘代谢过程和碘摄入量提供依据。

妊娠期碘缺乏会影响母体和胎儿的健康发育，但甲状腺的碘代谢过程在妊娠时发生哪些变化尚未被完全发现。碘化酪氨酸脱碘酶（Iodotyrosine Deiodinase，IYD）能将未被用来合成甲状腺激素的MIT和DIT分解成碘，使碘在甲状腺内可以重新利用。IYD是碘代谢的关键蛋白，本研究发现大鼠甲状腺在妊娠时IYD表达增强，特别是在碘缺乏大鼠中，具有统计学差异，但在后续实验中，未能完全发现导致这种变化的机制，考虑IYD的变化可能与除了HCG外的其他多种因素有关，本研究组试图调整实验方向，但未能取得十分满意的结果，后续仍会继续在其他激素如雌激素和孕激素对于IYD的协同作用中进一步研究，以期望后续得到更多的实验成果，为妊娠条件下碘代谢过程和碘摄入量提供依据。