中国北方晚更新世人类行为与环境耦合

As so far known the Late Pleistocene consisted of Late Interglacial and Late Glacial in Quaternary is the nearest climatic cycle. The archaeological period of it stretch over the Middle and Upper Paleolithic, which is significantly important in study on reconstruction of human behavior and environmental coupling. Falling upon critical period time of modern human origin and undergoing tremendous change of environment, at this turning point of evolution human life style shifted into many specialization that appeared popularity of hunter-gather economy, usualness of fire use, innovation of stone artifacts as well as making bone or horn implements, making up fur clothing, construction of campsite, new indications of aesthetics creation and spiritual belief, etc. Compare with developed western countries, some aspects of materials grasping and exploitation in China of central East Asia are rather defective and in the dry tree for complete interpreting human evolution. This situation has vastly obstructed comparative study of relationship of the East-West cultural exchange. So, by choosing 6-7 representative Late Pleistocene sites (like Salawusu, Shuidonggou, Wulanmulun, Siyu, Xiaogushan, Yangjiagang, and Upper Cave) in North China the present project tries to make comprehensive exploration and explanatory notes on Chinese Modern Human(CMH) Origin and evolutionary route from fields of Paleolithic culture, paleofauna, paleobotany,archaeobotaby-paleoecolgy, chronological scale and behavioral adaptation, to understand technological origination and evolution including some certain mechanism of CMH, and to provide scientific data for reconstructing the regional ecological environment and human behavior.

由第四纪末次间冰期和末次冰期组成的晚更新世是已知最近一次大的气候旋回，其考古时代横跨旧石器时代的中期和晚期，在研究人类行为与环境耦合关系方面意义重大；该阶段适逢现代人起源的关键时段：经历环境的巨大变迁的考验，在演化进程的转折关头，人类生活方式发生了许多适应性变化，表现为狩猎经济的流行、惯常用火、革新石器工具同时制作骨角器，缝制皮衣，建造营地以及美学创作和精神信仰的发展等等。相比本时段研究内容较为完善的西方，中国北方所在的东亚腹地对已有材料的把握和新材料的利用方面仍较为欠缺，在完整阐释人类演化历史方面处于劣势，极大地妨碍了东西方文化交流关系的对比。为此本课题选择中国北方的6处有代表性的晚更新世遗址，从旧石器文化，古动物，古植物-古生态，年代标尺和行为适应等方面综合探索和诠释中国现代人的起源与发展路线，了解其技术起源和演化的某些机制与贡献，为复原全球变化下的区域生态环境和人类行为提供科学依据。

在晚期智人演化阶段即现代人起源的关键时段，穿越第四纪时期末次间冰期和末次冰期所在的晚更新世直至全新世，在东北亚区域的中国北方腹地和东北地区，对晚更新世若干时段和内涵具有代表性的遗址开展了古人类资源开发、工具的发明与创造、石器制作技术、实验考古学、古生物学、动物考古学和埋藏学、地质年代学、古环境学的综合研究，为研究中国晚更新世现代人活动的地域范围、文化特点、生计模式与行为适应等方面的内容提供确凿的证据，如阿舍利技术的延续，旧石器时代中期新型狩猎工具的出现，骨器的制作以及晚更新世之末东北地区地质原料的开发，器型革新预示生计模式的改变以及陶器的较早出现等主要方面为探讨中国现代人的起源与发展路线，了解其技术起源和演化机制，复原全球变化下的区域生态环境和人类行为的演变提供科学依据。