商业模式二次创新与制度创新共演的路径和机理研究——基于开放系统视角

In recent years, scholars pay more attention on business model innovation and the relationship between business model innovation and technology innovation, industry and market environment, or firm performance, and get fruitful and meaningful findings. However, research on the relationship between business model and institutional environment is relatively rare. To fill this theoretical gap, this proposal focuses on how business model innovation interacts with institutional environment. On one hand, firms adapt their business models to institutions and create business model innovation through adaptation; on the other hand, business model innovation influences institution void and fosters institution innovation. We will develop longitude case studies on six successful platform companies in China: Alibaba, Tencent, Didi, Mobike, Zhihu and 36Kr, by semi-structured interviews, archive data as well as public data; construct theories about how business model adaptation fostering innovation and the co-evolution process between business model innovation and institution innovation; and test the theories by developing new scale items and survey data. This is a first attempt to analyze the interaction between business model secondary innovation and institutional environment from an open system perspective. Adaptation is proposed as an innovation driving factor for the first time. Based on these research, we will develop new theories about business model innovation, which will be helpful for middle and small-sized enterprises to design an adaptive and successful business model. Meanwhile, the research findings will also support a theoretical foundation for governments of different levels to design new incentive policies to encourage innovation.

近年来，学者们关于商业模式创新及其与技术创新、行业环境、市场环境、企业绩效等的关系研究取得了较多成果，但对商业模式与制度环境关系的研究不多。本项目将基于开放系统视角，对6家典型互联网平台企业的商业模式成功实践进行深入分析，揭示它们在商业模式“二次创新”过程中，对制度环境的适应如何影响企业商业模式创新，以及商业模式创新对制度环境产生影响的路径和机理；采用案例研究和扎根理论相结合的方法建构中国情境下企业商业模式二次创新与制度创新共演的新理论；并开发量表、调查数据，对理论进行实证检验。本项目的主要创新点在于首次应用开放系统视角研究商业模式二次创新与制度创新共同演化的规律；提出组织适应制度环境是商业模式二次创新的驱动因素；发现商业模式创新对制度环境的影响作用。研究成果将对中小企业商业模式创新实践具有指导作用，并为政府制定创新激励政策提供理论依据和启迪思路。

商业模式创新是企业在激烈的竞争中发展核心竞争力、寻找潜在商业机会、适应与改变动态环境、获取竞争优势并最终实现快速成长的重要途径。但（1）商业模式创新驱动因素和实现路径是什么？（2）商业模式二次创新和制度环境的共演的机制是什么？（3）数字经济时代针对商业模式创新的现有研究状况与未来研究机会是什么？（4）如何更好地促进数据要素市场等新兴商业模式的创新与发展？上述问题具有很高的研究价值。针对上述问题，本项目综合使用案例研究、扎根理论、博弈模型和实证研究等方法，取得了重要研究进展。项目组的研究发现商业模式二次创新包含适应创新和自主创新两个阶段，存在适应式商业模式创新、探索式商业模式创新、协同式商业模式创新三种不同创新方式的演进，并通过不同的创新方式与制度环境相互影响，进一步提炼出“制度压力驱动企业进行商业模式适应创新”“商业模式创新触发潜在的制度压力”“商业模式自主创新引致制度环境变化”的作用机制等。特别地，针对数据要素市场这一新兴商业模式，研究发现数据要素市场化配置过程可以划分为市场化建设和价值化配置2个阶段，技术、组织和环境因素的联动匹配可以形成5种产生高数据要素市场化建设水平的条件组态。