宁夏贺兰山东麓酿酒葡萄品质下降机理研究

The eastern foot of Helan Mountain was recognized by a large number of experts both home and abroad as the optimum ecological region for wine grape worldwide for its unique soil and climate condition. However, our recent studies indicated that the wine quality of this region displays a descending trend with the increase of grape tree age (10 years and over). Therefore, this project will investigate the relationship between the quality of wine grape at different planting patterns (planting density and training way) and canopy, leaves environment, photosynthetic activity and gene expression pattern of the key enzymes, photosynthetic rate, sugar unloading of grape berry by using data acquisition instrument CR10-2XM, optical measuring instrument and self-development "new-berry cup" experimental system. Moreover, the reason for the difference in wine quality in this unique soil and climate condition is resolved to elucidate the mechanism involved in the quality decline of wine grape. The main limiting factors that lead to the qulity decline of wine grape in the main cultivation region, as well as its generation source will be analyzed. In addition, this project will provide theoretical basis and technique support for sustainable health development of grape and wine industry in the eastern foot of Helan Mountain.

宁夏贺兰山东麓地区因其独特的土质、气候条件，被国内外专家确认为世界酿酒葡萄生长最佳生态区之一。然而，我们近几年的研究发现：随着葡萄树龄的增长（10年以上），其酒质呈下降趋势。为此，本项目拟采用CR10-2XM数据采集仪、光合测定仪与自主开发的"新浆果杯"实验体系，探讨不同种植模式（定植密度和整形方式）与葡萄叶幕、叶幕小气候、叶片光合关键酶基因表达量与酶活性、叶片光合速率、葡萄果实糖分卸载量及酿酒葡萄关键质量指标之间的关系，解析宁夏贺兰山东麓特有立地条件、不同种植模式下酿酒葡萄品质差异的原因，从而揭示宁夏贺兰山东麓酿酒葡萄主栽区葡萄品质下降的主要障碍因子及其机理，为宁夏贺兰山东麓葡萄与葡萄酒产业健康可持续发展提供理论依据和技术支撑。

为了了解贺兰山东麓酿酒葡萄品质下降机理，本项目开展了“不同栽植密度对霞多丽葡萄光合特性和果实品质的影响”、“不同矮化整形方式对蛇龙珠葡萄果实品质的影响”、“不同整形方式对蛇龙珠葡萄果实品质、花色苷含量及其基因表达的影响”、“赤霞珠葡萄矿质元素和水分吸收规律研究”和“水分胁迫对赤霞珠葡萄主要抗旱生理指标及品质的影响”五项主要研究内容，从不同角度研究了不同处理对酿酒葡萄栽培生理指标、基因表达、生物酶活性及葡萄果实品质的影响。研究表明：造成宁夏贺兰山东麓酿酒葡萄品质下降与传统落后的栽培管理（高密度定植、独龙蔓整形、大肥大水管理等）有关，较低的定植密度（60-120cm×300cm）有利于抑制葡萄营养生长，提高酿酒葡萄果实品质；“厂字形”整形和“倒L”整形有利于改善酿酒葡萄光合作用及栽培生理各项指标，也有利葡萄品质重要指标花色苷合成基因的表达及花色苷的生物合成；适宜的养分水分管理有利于控制葡萄营养生长，促使葡萄生殖生长，最终实现酿酒葡萄品质的提升。总之，只有改变落后的栽培管理方式和经营理念，才能预防葡萄品质下降，并能有效提高酿酒葡萄果实品质，其研究结果与项目申请书假设相吻合。