基于绘图学的北京小西山道路文化景观遗产的分类、评价和管理研究

Roads are an essential element in the shaping of human settlements in terms of both spatial pattern and human behavior. Under unique mountainous conditions, roads embody more vividly the close interaction between man and nature, thus becoming a type of cultural landscape heritage with multi-dimensional values ranging from technological and aesthetic to historic. Population growth and flatland shortage in contemporary cities have been making hillsides new space for development, the needs for accessibility and safety result in the abandonment, alteration, replacement, or cutting-off of many historic mountain roads, together with the deterioration of ecological and cultural features in their surroundings. To address the question of how to integratively preserve and utilize mountain road cultural landscapes, this project takes the Beijing Western Hills for case study, exploring the establishment of an integrated research framework for identifying, classifying, assessing, and managing mountain historic roads and their surroundings. The project begins with the identification of the chronology of historic roads based on a close reading of relevant historic maps and archives, which is verified and supplemented by field works to classify landscape characters of roads and their surroundings. The project then conducts a heritage value assessment of road cultural landscapes with the assistance of the AHP method and public involvement, and eventually discuss how to manage future landscape change patterns including conservation, enhancement, restoration, and creation. The project adopts mapping for data collection and analysis, using maps as a critical medium to integrate various types of representational data so as to quantitatively and visually understand the current conditions and historical formations of mountain road cultural landscapes.

道路是一种对人居环境空间格局和社会行为有重要形塑作用的要素，其在山地特殊条件下更生动地体现出人与自然的紧密互动，成为一种具有技术、美学和历史等多重价值的文化景观遗产。当代城市的人口增长和平地短缺使山地成为新的发展空间，对可达性和安全性的需求导致不少山地历史道路被废弃、改造、取代或切断，其周边环境的生态和文化特征也遭到破坏。针对如何从整体上保护和利用山地道路文化景观这一难题，本课题提出以北京小西山为案例对象，探索构建一个对山地历史道路及其环境进行识别、分类、评价和管理的整体性研究框架。课题首先借助历史地图和文史资料来识别历史道路的演变时序，进而结合实地调研对道路及其周边环境的特征进行分类，然后基于层次分析法和公众参与进行遗产价值评价，最后探讨如何对可能的未来景观变化进行管理。本课题采用绘图学方法采集和分析数据，以地图为核心媒介整合多种图像数据，定量和可视化地理解山地道路文化景观现状及成因。

道路是一种对人居环境空间格局和社会行为有重要形塑作用的要素，其在山地特殊条件下更生动地体现出人与自然的紧密互动，成为一种具有技术、美学和历史等多重价值的文化景观遗产。当代城市的人口增长和平地短缺使山地成为新的发展空间，对可达性和安全性的需求导致不少山地历史道路被废弃、改造、取代或切断，其周边环境的生态和文化特征也遭到破坏。针对如何从整体上保护和利用山地道路文化景观这一难题，本课题提出以北京小西山为案例对象，探索构建一个对山地历史道路及其环境进行识别、分类、评价和管理的整体性研究框架。课题首先借助历史地图和文史资料来识别历史道路的演变时序，然后结合实地调研对道路及其周边环境的特征进行分类，进而构建文化景观价值判断体系，最后探讨如何对可能的未来景观变化进行管理。. 本课题通过比较目前公开渠道可以获取的几乎所有北京历史地图，识别出六个关键时间节点，并对相关历史地图进行地理配准和要素提取。以四条最具有保护价值和利用潜力的关键线路为例，基于数字高程模型分析、遥感影像解译、视频记录与GPS轨迹的比对，本课题建立了小西山道路文化景观特征的分类描述体系。针对小西山道路文化景观的特征，并结合国内外相关评价体系，本课题构建了一个包含美学、文化、技术、历史四类价值的评估体系。通过场地史料查阅和参考案例分析，提出城市山地道路文化景观变化管理并不仅止于物质特征的存废改，更为关键的问题是景观治理。. 本课题采用绘图学方法采集和分析数据，以地图为核心媒介整合多种图像数据，定量和可视化地理解山地道路文化景观现状及成因。