北京地区乡村聚落有机更新的机制与方法研究

In recent years, rural construction has been a hot spot of social concern. With the steady progress of the new rural construction, the development model of excessive intensive has been basically negative. The rural construction showed a tendency to change from the rough development to smart growth. The renewal and improvement of rural human settlements have been listed as one of the main tasks in the new era of 13th five-year plan. Beijing as China's political, economic and cultural center, the focus of follow-up study is how to achieve the real improvement of rural development and the quality of life of the villagers. This research is based on the perspective of organic renewal, and the rural settlement will be regarded as an organic life. With the support of architecture, cultural geography and environmental psychology and other related theories, through the combing of the rural settlements of elements constitute feature types, the research reveals the interaction mechanism among the three of "people, nature and dwelling”, and refining a number of key indicators which can be quantified. And then the index system of evaluating the renewal mode and intensity is constructed. In order to meet the needs of the villagers as the main standpoint, to stabilize the settlement space order as the core content, to activate the body in the country as the ultimate goal, the research constructs the theory and method of organic renewal of rural settlement in Beijing area from two aspects of construction and management, which can realize the effective transformation from construction control to humane care, and has profound social value.

近年来乡村建设一直是社会关注的热点，随着新农村建设工作的稳步推进，起初大拆大建过度集约化的发展模式已被基本否定，乡村建设呈现出由粗犷发展向精明增长转变的倾向。“十三五”期间乡村人居环境的更新与改善被列为新时期的主要任务，北京作为我国的政治、经济、文化中心如何在稳固先前成果的同时实现乡村发展与村民生活水平的实质提升将成为后续研究的重点。本研究以有机更新的视角切入，将乡村聚落视为有机生命体，以建筑学、文化地理学和环境心理学等相关理论作为研究支撑，通过梳理乡村聚落的要素构成与类型特征，揭示“人、地、居”三者间的作用机制，提炼若干可被量化的关键指标，进而构建出评估更新方式与更新强度的指标体系，并以满足村民主体需求为立足点，以稳定聚落空间秩序为核心内容，以活化乡村机体为终极目标，从建设和管理两个层面构建北京地区乡村聚落有机更新的理论与方法，从而实现由营建管控到人文关怀的有效转化，具有深远的社会价值。

在国家实施乡村振兴战略的背景下，乡村人居环境更新与改善成为乡村发展与村民生活水平提升的重点。本课题基于当代中国乡土语境，结合乡村建设中所面临的困境，深入研究有机更新理念在乡村的践行意义，结合影响乡村聚落发展的自然、社会、人文等客体因素以及参与主体之间的内在关联，从而探讨了北京地区乡村聚落有机更新的机制与方法。.课题组在对乡村聚落的构成要素与类型特征进行分类研究的基础上，从混合生长的聚落格局、原型自律的居住单元、低技高效的建造方式三方面对乡村聚落有机更新的发生机制进行阐述，从而提出了围绕着聚落空间的真实性还原、建筑形态的创造性延续、营建过程的适应性干预、表达方式的乡土性融合四个层面的乡村聚落有机更新的策略与方法，并最终将研究成果应用于实践进行检验，进而通过信息反馈的方式为今后的相关研究奠定基础。.本课题在学术理论上解决了如何协调参与乡村聚落更新不同主体间的认知差异、如何协调乡土自生机制与工业化建造之间矛盾的问题，完成理论著作1部以及发表6篇学术论文，以课题为基础联合培养研究生16名，并在课题研究阶段获得有关乡村聚落更新营建与基础研究方面各类奖项6项。同时，为了更好的提升研究的应用价值，课题组与社会、政府、高校等多方力量合作共同参与到乡村聚落的更新实践之中，并以北京门头沟区雁翅镇山神庙村为例，结合乡村聚落的有机更新的研究成果对村内建筑进行更新设计改造，此项目目前已接近施工完成阶段，并且得到乡村本地与社会团体的普遍认可，体现了研究成果的应用价值。