紫锥菊主效成分性状的遗传规律及优异种质筛选

Genetic improvement is crucial for improve the quality and yield of medicinal herbs. Until today, heterogenic natural seeds are still used exclusively in commercial purple coneflower(Echinacea purpurea L.) cultivation lead to low yield and the quality is unstable, also influence the quality of Herbal preparations. Cross breeding is an important way for genetic improvement of purple coneflower, but the inheritance of its main functional compounds is unclear, germplasm evaluation methods need to be further discussed. The present project takes use of previously established doubled haploid lines as ideal materials for the genetic studies on the functional compounds of purple coneflower by Griffing Ⅲ crossing experiments. Through means such as HPLC-MS and GC×GC/TOF-MS, measures and analyses the functional compounds, By combination of the yield and the agronomy traits, measures and analyses the quantitative traits such as heterosis, parent child transmission, Reveal the genetic laws of the caffeic acid derivatives, alkamides, essental oil and polysaccharides of purple coneflower. By the establishment of pharmacodynamics certification method, obtains elite purple coneflower germplasm and the finger printing paragraph. By the establishment of relations between functional compounds and phenotype traits, proposes visible standard parameters for purple coneflower breeding. Results of the studies will contribute effectively to the purple coneflower breeding with set aims and design of breeding, and provide bases for the rational evaluation and effective screening of new germplasm.

药用植物遗传改良对提高药材质量和产量有关键作用。目前紫锥菊商业种植仍采用基因型杂合的天然种子，导致产量低、质量不稳定，影响制剂质量。杂交育种是紫锥菊遗传改良的重要途径，但其主效成分的遗传规律尚不清楚，种质评价方法有待深入探讨。申请者前期通过花培得到紫锥菊单倍体，诱导加倍获得双单倍体群体，是遗传研究的理想材料。项目拟对创制选育的纯系材料实施GriffingⅢ双列杂交试验；运用液质联用、全二维气相色谱飞行时间质谱等技术对有效成分进行测定分析；结合产量和农艺性状测定进行杂种优势、亲子传递等数量遗传分析，揭示紫锥菊咖啡酸衍生物、烷基酰胺、挥发油和多糖的遗传规律；建立经过药效学验证的新种质评价方法，得到紫锥菊优异种质及其指纹图谱；通过相关性分析建立有效成分性状与外观农艺性状的联系，为紫锥菊杂交育种提供科学的外观选择标准。本研究结果有助于紫锥菊的定向育种及育种设计，为新种质的评价和有效筛选提供科学依据。

药用植物遗传改良对提高药材质量和产量有关键作用。紫锥菊具抑菌抗炎作用，是重要的药用植物和观赏植物，目前紫锥菊药材原料产量低、含量不稳定，影响制剂质量。品种选育和农艺性状的遗传规律研究对产业发展具有重要意义。本研究通过双单倍体纯系材料实施Griffing杂交试验，探讨紫锥菊主效成分性状的遗传规律。有以下研究进展：1.优化了紫锥菊种质评价技术；2.明确了紫锥菊主要农艺性状的遗传规律；3.掌握了内部有效成分含量性状与外观农艺性状的相关性联系；4.获得了高配合力的优异亲本和产量品质双高的优异品系，部分株系申报了新品种保护，通过制种或快速繁殖后有望做为生产用种。