巨型梯级水电站群短期与实时调度控制方法及策略研究

Over the past two decades for large-scale development of hydropower projects, the intensive commissioning periods of giant cascaded hydropower stations in southwestern China have been approaching. However, the operation of giant cascaded hydropower system brings novel demands and issues which are different from the problems in the small hydropower system, especially in short-term and real-time operations. It has severely restricted the operation of giant cascaded hydropower system, and has a direct impact on the safety of power grids and hydropower stations as well as energy saving issues and economical operations. The giant cascaded hydropower systems are facing many novel problems, such as peak load regulation of multi-power grids, high-headed vibration zones of multi-unit and zoning control. For solving these problems above, the purpose of our research is to find a feasible and effective solution to the complex problems based on the view of "modeling and solving methods of optimal operation", and build the control-strategy of short-term and real-time operations through research and simulation analysis. The study is based on the projects of cascaded hydropower stations on Wujiang River, Hongshui River and Lancang River. The results with theoretical and practical significance are expected, which can be applied to the operations of giant cascaded hydropower stations on Wujiang River, Hongshui River, Jinsha River, Yalong River and Dadu River in southwestern China.

经过近20年大规模水电开发，我国西南地区巨型梯级水电站已迎来密集投产时期，出现了不同于小规模水电站群调度的新需求和新问题，在短期和实时调度上表现得尤其突出，已经成为制约这些巨型梯级水电站调度运行的瓶颈，直接影响到水电站群和电网的安全、节能、经济运行。针对巨型梯级水电站群面临的多电网调峰、高水头多机组振动区、分区控制等新问题，本项目从其核心关键科学问题"优化调度建模和求解方法"着手，开展复杂问题建模、求解策略及求解方法研究，寻找高效、可行的求解方法；然后针对短期和实时调度的特点，采用调查研究、仿真分析，构建短期和实时调度的控制策略。课题将以乌江、红水河、澜沧江三个巨型梯级水电站群为背景，结合工程实际应用开展问题研究和方法检验，力争取得具有较大理论意义和实际应用价值的成果，为我国西南地区乌江、红水河、金沙江、雅砻江、大渡河巨型梯级水电站群调度与运行提供重要理论与技术支持。

我国水电经过近20年大规模开发，西南地区巨型梯级水电站已迎来密集投产时期，出现了不同于小规模水电站群调度的新需求和新问题，在短期和实时调度上表现得尤其突出，已经成为制约这些巨型梯级水电站调度运行的瓶颈，直接影响到水电站群和电网的安全、节能、经济运行。针对巨型梯级水电站群面临的高水头多机组振动区、分区控制、实时控制困难等新问题，本项目从优化调度建模、降维求解及控制策略调整等方面入手，开展复杂问题建模、求解策略及求解方法研究。提出了基于正交策略的大规模库群优化调度方法，以乌江流域梯级水电站群为例，显示该方法较常规动态规划方法或智能算法（如粒子群算法）可以显著提升求解效率，改善结果精度；实现了基于多核并行计算环境的并行计算方法，通过乌江流域梯级水电站群仿真计算显示，所提出方法可以显著提高求解效率；针对短期和实时调度的特点，采用调查研究、仿真分析，构建短期和实时调度的控制策略，系统地提出了梯级实时调度控制策略，包括电站投入序位计算方法、电站组合确定策略、厂间负荷优化分配方法、电站组合振动区求解方法及避开策略、超载断面校正控制策略等，以乌江梯级模拟运行结果表明，所提策略是有效的， 能够满足梯级流域运行的安全性、时效性、实用性、经济性要求。课题将以乌江巨型梯级水电站群为背景，结合工程实际应用开展了问题研究和方法检验，取得了具有理论意义和实际应用价值的成果，为我国西南地区乌江、红水河、金沙江、雅砻江、大渡河巨型梯级水电站群调度与运行提供重要理论与技术支持。