巨型水电站群跨区送电的源网协调方法及优化策略研究

There has been a rapid increase of the scale of hydropower transmission in China, along with the commissioned huge hydropower plants on the Jinsha River, Lancang River, Yalong River, etc., in southwest of China. However, the currently used method for determining transmission schedule pays much attention to the generating sides and ignores the requirements of the receiving-side power grids. As a result, the transmission schedule like “line” or “reverses peak shaving” graph is often given, which further aggravates the peak shaving pressure of the receiving-side power grids. Coordination and optimization between plants and power grids for large-scale trans-regional hydropower transmission has been the bottleneck in transmitting large-scale hydropower now and in the future. This is a hard and pressing issue. Taking Jinsha River, Lancang River, Hongshui River, and East China Grid, China Southern Power Grid as the background, this work will focus on the coordination theory and methods between plants and power grids, compensation strategy for peak shaving, and practical solution methods. The key is to develop rational optimization models and methods for coordinating plants and power grids by fully using the differences of operation characteristics among different types of plants, and load differences among multiple power grids. Thus, the high-efficiency plants such as hydropower plants can efficiently respond to the load demand for receiving-side power grids. This research will has a significant impact on the safety, efficiency, quality of power system operations. It will provide practical and feasible theoretical methods for dispatching large-scale trans-provincial and trans-regional hydropower transmission, and alleviating the enormous peak shaving pressure in the receiving-side power grids.

随着西南地区金沙江、澜沧江、雅砻江等巨型梯级水电站群集中并网发电，我国水电输送规模急剧扩大，但现行的水电输送方式“重送端轻受端”，经常出现“直线”或“反调峰”输送计划，进一步加重了受端电网的负荷调节压力。特大流域巨型水电站群与受端电网源网协调问题已经成为影响我国水电大范围科学合理消纳的瓶颈问题，非常棘手和紧迫。本项目将以金沙江、澜沧江、红水河等西电东送骨干电源，和华东电网、南方电网等主要受端电网为依托工程，开展巨型水电站群跨区送电的源网协调理论、调峰补偿策略、以及实用求解方法研究，核心是研究如何利用电源运行特性差异和受端电网间负荷互济特点，构建适用的源网协调模型和方法，充分发挥水电等优质电源对受端电网的精细化调节作用，保障电网安全、高效、优质运行，为现在和将来我国更大规模水电输送和缓解更加巨大的电网调峰压力提供切实有用的理论方法。

随着西南地区巨型梯级水电站群集中并网发电，我国水电输送规模已接近1亿千瓦，但现行的水电输送方式没有很好地考虑受端电网的用电负荷需求，甚至出现反调峰输送计划，进一步加重了受端电网低谷消纳和高峰平衡压力。伴随跨省跨区水电输送规模的扩大，特大流域巨型水电站群与受端电网源网协调问题已经成为影响我国水电大范围科学、合理消纳的瓶颈问题，非常棘手和紧迫。本项目以西南地区金沙江、澜沧江、红水河等“西电东送”特大流域梯级和华东、南方等主要受端电网为依托工程，围绕水电消纳和调峰，系统开展了巨型水电系统调度、源网协调、直流水电多受端调峰配置、跨省跨区互联电站群协同运行等水电大规模输送调度关键问题研究，充分利用流域间水文特性差异、电源间发电特性差异和受端电网间负荷互济特点，提出了面向千万千瓦级干流梯级水电站水库群调度控制策略和亿千瓦级电网超大规模水电系统优化调度降维求解方法，构建了跨省互联水电系统多目标协调调峰优化方法和水电跨省跨区域大规模消纳多电源协调方法，形成了巨型水电站群跨区送电源网协调优化理论和实用化策略，并应用于送端澜沧江梯级、金沙江梯级、红水河梯级、云南电网，以及受端南方电网、华东电网、浙江电网的实际调度决策与计划编制。研究成果促进了西南水电高效利用和规模化消纳，为减少云南近几年严重弃水提供了理论与技术支持，同时有效缓解了受端电网普遍面临的调峰压力，在华东电网应用验证，通过源网和网省协调，利用西南水电和网调直调电站群，可以将各省级电网余留负荷峰谷差降低5%至20%左右，进而为省内火电等电源运行提供有利条件，切实促进了电网的安全、高效、优质运行。通过本项目研究，可以为现在和将来我国更大规模水电输送和缓解更加巨大的电网调峰压力提供切实有用的理论方法与解决途径。