基于煤炭开采导致水土结构异变对重构土壤关键要素影响机理研究

In view of the present nationwide a large number of coal mining subsidence area problems in land reclamation, this project will be through the comparative analysis the mining area difference vegetation, and combined with the analysis of soil physical and chemical properties of soil, clear key elements and its change law; Through the reconstruction of soil physical and chemical characteristics of the time series analysis research, is clear about the reconstruction of soil key elements change rule and evolution process; Through the TM images and ground penetrating radar (GPR), vegetation and soil water change monitoring, clear the relationship betwenn water change with the key elements change in the reconstruction soil ; Based on the internal mobile soil deformation process analysis, combined with similar material simulation and numerical simulation, clear the soil structure deformation mechanism; Through the analysis of deformation mechanism of the soil structure and the evolvement rule of key elements, clear water and soil structure on soil key elements influence mechanism, the establishment of coupling related model. Research results can provide theoretical guidance for mine reclamation of ecological and economic benefits , and has strong theoretical and practical significance.

针对目前全国范围内大量采煤塌陷区土地复垦中存在投入大、收益小、效果慢的问题，本项目将通过对比分析采区与非采区植被差异变化，结合土壤理化特性分析，明确土壤关键要素及其影响变化规律；通过对重构土壤理化特性的时序分析研究，明确重构土壤中关键要素变化规律及演变过程。通过TM影像和探地雷达，对地表植被和土壤含水变化进行监测，明确重构土壤含水变化与土壤关键要素的影响关系。通过对土体的内部移动变形过程进行分析，结合相似材料模拟和数值模拟，明确采动影响区域地下水土结构变形机理；通过分析水土结构的变形规律和土壤关键要素的演变规律，明确水土结构对土壤关键要素的影响机理，建立耦合相关模型。研究成果将为矿区复垦的生态和经济效益提供理论指导，具有较强的理论和实际意义

利用多时相遥感数据对矿区环境进行动态监测，以SPOT和Landsat ETM+遥感影像为主要数据源，利用大气校正模型获取地表覆被的反射率，并根据地表覆被的反射率提取NDVI指数，通过对矿区NDVI的研究揭示预计扰动区内地表覆被的时空变化规律，为沉陷区的土地复垦、生态保护等提供理论依据和技术支持。在明确开采沉陷对地表土壤及植被的生长状态产生影响的基础上，采用D-InSAR技术监测采煤引起的地表沉陷，结合土力学及开采沉陷学，通过室内相似材料实验、数值仿真模拟、理论分析和综合研究等，深入系统地研究土体结构特征演化机理；在总结已有研究成果的基础之上，结合矿区的实际情况，通过大量的对比分析探讨、现场调研与观测、取样试验、理论分析等大量工作，系统研究了由开采沉陷特点引起的土壤质量变异的相关性及规律，并通过对比复垦前后土壤养分的含量与分布，研究了分析土壤养分的时空变化特征，为开采损害的防治和土地生态恢复提供理论依据。