越桔属野生资源及蓝莓栽培品种品质评价研究

Blueberry, a shrub of genus Vaccinium, the family Ericaceae, is an important fruit for food and health care. Its fruits are rich of functional components including anthocyanins, flavones, flavonols, polyphenols and proanthocyanidins, which posses strong capability for anti-cancer, eyesight improving, anti-aging etc. It is regarded as one of the five healthy foods by International Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). We investigated and introduced germplasm of genus Vaccinium distributing in Daxinganling and Xiaoxinganling areas and Changbai Moutain for many years, based on the accumulation on the germplasm, knowledge and technique in our group, in this study, we plan to do qualitative and quantitative analysis on the important components such as anthocyanins, flavones, flavonols, polyphenols, proanthocyanidins, sugar, acid and pectin in wild species of genus Vaccinium and blueberry cultivars. Meanwhile, we will optimize the methods for rapid and microanalysis on the functional components. At the same time, we will do comprehensive evaluation on inside and outside character among different groups of Vaccinium uliginosum of China and wild species of genus Vaccinium, which will lay scientific base for the protection of the place of origin. In addition, we will investigate the character of composition of the functional components besides anthocyanins and compare the difference of content and composition among blueberry cultivars through qualitative and quantitative analysis, which will help to establish chemical fingerprints for cultivars. This study will benefit for the optimization of methods for extraction, separation, purification of anthocyanins, as well as, lay the scientific base for the selection of elite cultivars and higher value application of blueberry.

蓝莓，杜鹃花科越桔属灌木，集食用和保健于一身，其果实富含多种花青素苷、黄酮、黄酮醇、多酚、原花青素等功能成分，具有很强的预防癌症、改善视力、预防衰老等功能，被国际粮农组织列为人类五大健康食品之一。本研究在多年对我国东北大小兴安岭、长白山地区越桔属种质资源调查、考察、引种的基础上，拟对越桔属野生资源和蓝莓栽培品种资源的花青素苷、黄酮、黄酮醇、多酚、原花青素、糖、酸、果胶等重要成分进行分析，优化各功能成分的微量、快速分析方法，对原产我国大小兴安岭、长白山等地不同居群的野生笃斯越桔、越桔的外观品质、内在品质进行综合评价，为蓝莓野生资源原产地保护提供科学依据。其次，对我国现有蓝莓栽培品种所含花青素苷等功能成分进行定性定量分析，阐明其构成特点，比较各个栽培品种间的差异，建立蓝莓品种的化学特征指纹图谱，优化蓝莓花青素苷的提取、分离、纯化方法，为高产、优质蓝莓品种选育和蓝莓色素高值利用奠定科学基础。

蓝莓，杜鹃花科越桔属灌木，其果实富含多种花青苷、黄酮苷、黄酮醇苷等功能成分，具有很强的预防癌症、改善视力、预防衰老等功能。在我国东北分布着丰富的野生笃斯越桔和越桔，我国也已从国外引进了200多个蓝莓栽培品种。但是国内至今缺乏对野生蓝莓资源及各栽培品种特性的系统评价方法，缺少其花青苷、黄酮苷、黄酮醇苷等功能成分的基础信息，这成为制约我国蓝莓产业发展的主要技术瓶颈之一。针对以上情况，本研究主要做了以下三方面的工作：.首先，在多年对我国东北大小兴安岭地区越桔属种质资源考察的基础上，对分布于小兴安岭7个代表林区（乌伊岭、汤旺河、新青、红星、五营、上甘岭、友好）的笃斯越桔果实成分进行了系统的分析与评价，发现野生笃斯越桔果实中的花青苷与黄酮醇苷的含量与海拔高度有关，随海拔高度的上升，花青苷与黄酮醇苷含量都有增加的趋势。我们还利用DPPH·、ABTS·+和 FRAP三种方法对7个地区的样品进行了抗氧化活性的测定，结果显示，花青苷含量高的样品，其抗氧化活性也高。将成分含量与抗氧化活性进行相关分析，发现花青苷含量与抗氧化活性呈显著正相关。.其次，本研究同时分析了46 个蓝莓品种果皮的类黄酮成分，调查了蓝莓栽培品种果皮类黄酮组成的构成特点、多样性及品种间差异，筛选出花青苷和其他类黄酮成分含量高的品种。根据不同品种花青苷的组成和含量差异，将我国蓝莓栽培品种分为三类。推定了目前最完整的蓝莓果皮类黄酮代谢途径。.再次，以大兴安岭野生蓝果忍冬为研究材料，应用响应面优化了超声波提取蓝果忍冬花青苷工艺参数，利用高速逆流色谱技术分离得到3种蓝果忍冬花青苷，分别是矢车菊素-3,5-双葡糖苷、矢车菊素-3-芦丁苷和矢车菊素-3-葡糖苷，纯度分别为92.4%、95.8%、97.6%。运用MTT法和流式细胞仪分析发现，蓝果忍冬中的主要花青素成分矢车菊素-3-O-葡糖苷（Cy3G）对人肝癌细胞SMMC7721有强抑制作用，并能诱导肝癌细胞凋亡。以上研究结果建立了蓝莓野生种与不同品种的化学特征指纹图谱，为蓝莓野生资源原产地保护提供了科学依据，也为高产优质蓝莓品种选育和蓝莓色素的高值利用奠定了科学基础。