斜盖伞属及其近缘属的系统分类研究

Clitopilus (Fr. ex Rabenh.) P. Kumm. and its allied genera are morphologically distinctive and very important for understanding the phylogeny of agarics. Some Clitopilus species are important edible and medicinal mushrooms. Phylogenetic studies on agarics are very active and develop rapidly in recent years, many taxonomic systems of families and genera have been newly rebuilt, while the taxonomic status of Clitopilus and its allies have also become an argument focus. The system of taxonomy of Clitopilus and its allies still need further study. The applicant has found that the taxa of this group are quite abundant in China during the previous studies, and many distinct species are yet to be excavated..In this project, field investigation and collection of Clitopilus and its allied genera will be systematically carried in China; morphological classification of the specimens will be studied in order to know the species diversity of these groups; meanwhile, the phylogenetic relationships among the different taxa will be studied based on nLSU, ITS, mtSSU, rpb2, atp6 and tef1 sequence data on the basis of previous results of morphologically taxonomic studies. A more scientific and natural taxonomic system of Clitopilus and its allies should be improved or reconstructed through multigene analyses based on the Chinese taxa. The results of this project will greatly enrich the known species data base in China and the world, promote the development of the phylogenetic science of agarics and provide important scientific basis for protecting and sustainably utilizing the resources.

斜盖伞属及其近缘属真菌特征独特，是蘑菇目粉褶蕈科中颇为重要的类群，部分种类具有一定的食用和药用价值。近年来，随着分子技术在伞菌分类学中的广泛应用，不少科属分类系统纷纷重建，而斜盖伞及其近缘属的分类地位也成为分类学家争论的焦点，但相关研究均缺乏系统性。申报人在前期研究中发现我国相关类群资源丰富，且许多独特种类尚待挖掘。.本项目拟在原有基础上，系统地开展斜盖伞及其近缘属的野外调查与采集，采用经典形态学研究方法，对相关标本进行形态学研究，系统认知我国该类群物种多样性；同时选择形态特征不同的分类单元，基于nLSU、ITS、mtSSU、rpb2、atp6和tef1等基因序列构建系统发育树，完善或重建斜盖伞属分类系统，明确该属与其近缘属之间的系统发育关系。项目将极大丰富我国乃至世界相关类群的物种数据信息库，促进伞菌分子系统学研究发展，为该属的资源保护和可持续利用提供重要科学依据。

斜盖伞属及其近缘属真菌特征独特，是蘑菇目粉褶蕈科中颇为重要的类群，但我国对该类群的分类研究缺乏系统性。本项目对国内外斜盖伞属及其近缘属共5属400份标本进行了宏观形态和显微形态观察，鉴定了该类群30多种，其中发现新种4种（待发表），合作发表新种7种，发现中国新记录种5种，排除了我国已报道斜盖伞7种。对标本进行nLSU、mtSSU、rpb2、atp6和tef1等5个核酸片段的扩增和测序，获得400多条相关序列；结合自测序列和网络基因库下载序列对斜盖伞属及其近缘属进行了系统发育学研究；基于rpb2序列，atp6序列和tef1序列的单基因系统发育和多基因联合系统发育分析结果显示，斜盖伞属、小斜伞属、拟斜伞属、盖菇属和亮红伞属均表现为单系起源，支持这5个属作为独立的属；其中斜盖伞属与小斜伞属和拟斜伞属的亲缘关系较近，其次为盖菇属，而亮红伞属作为5个属中唯一在菌丝中存在锁状联合结构的属，无论是在形态上还是分子上都与另外4个属的亲缘关系较远。另外，用这三个基因片段划分斜盖伞属的属下分组，同样能得到分子系统发育的支持，这为斜盖伞属及其近缘属作为独立属提供了更系统更科学的分子证据支持。项目共计发表论文8篇，其中SCI论文5篇；出版著作1部，培养研究生2名和高级职称1名。