演化视角下福建省台商农业技术时空扩散研究：路径、网络及效应

Promoting the diffusion of agricultural technology is a key to break the bottleneck obstacles that restricting agricultural technology and economic development, and an effective way to boost China's "rural vitalization strategy". Agricultural technology diffusion has both natural and social properties, therefore, studying its mechanism should take both rural social network and regional geographical environment into account. However, the relatively abundant technology diffusion theory focusing on second and third industry is hard to well display the mechanism of agricultural technology diffusion. More importantly, given the cultural homogeneity between Fujian and Taiwan, studying the diffusion of Taiwanese agricultural technology in Fujian province is a special model case in commercial technology diffusion. Hence, exploring the spatial and temporal laws and carrying out the social network reconstruction research for the diffusion of Taiwanese agricultural technology has great theoretical and practical significance. Combined with evolution, space and social network perspective, this study researches into the spatial and temporal mechanism of the Taiwanese agricultural technology diffusion in Fujian province. Firstly, in micro-level, the study tries to explore the individual technological behavior of subjects by investigating the social network embeddedness of Taiwanese enterprises/farmers which reconstructs the local social network. Secondly, the thesis attempts to construct a Social Technology Diffusion Network to analysis the technology diffusion network in medium scale. Finally, by assigning the technological location to each network node, the study realizes the spatialization of Social Technology Diffusion Network. By building a "social geographical network of technological diffusion", this study generates a multiscale-evolutional theory concerning the diffusion of Taiwanese agricultural technology. Above all, this study will improve the theory of agricultural technology diffusion, promote the technological development in agriculture in Fujian and even Mainland China, and heating-up the Cross-strait exchange and cooperation in agricultural economy and technology.

推进农业技术扩散，是突破农业技术及经济发展瓶颈的关键，也是助推我国“乡村振兴战略”的有效途径。农业技术扩散兼具社会及自然属性，其研究需要兼顾农村社会网络与区域地理环境，使得较为丰富的二、三产业技术扩散理论难以全面解析其扩散机制。台商农业技术在福建省的扩散研究，是文化同源区域之间、商业性技术扩散的特殊案例，开展其时空规律及社会网络重构研究具有显著的理论与实践意义。本研究结合演化、空间与社会网络视角，开展台商农业技术在福建省扩散的时空扩散机制研究，探究台资企业（农户）的社会网络嵌入与重塑下农业技术主体之微观行为，并叠加社会网络探究中观技术社会扩散网络格局，最终赋予各网络节点技术区位属性、串联扩散路径构建“技术扩散社会地理网络”，从而建立台商农业技术多尺度演化的时空扩散理论，完善农业技术扩散理论与实践，有助于进一步推进福建省乃至大陆地区农业技术发展，促进海峡两岸经贸及农业技术交流。

台商农业技术在福建省的扩散研究，是文化同源区域之间、商业性技术扩散的特殊案例，开展其时空规律及社会网络重构研究具有显著的理论与实践意义。本研究结合演化、空间与社会网络视角探究台商农业技术的扩散多尺度扩散规律与机理，在此基础上结合农业产业集群演化发展、外资驱动型产业集群及企业衍生等相关理论拓展研究，为更好地解析台资驱动型农业产业集群发展的嵌入性本质及可能的政策措施提供新的视角与思路方法。研究提出，在微观尺度，本地社会网络助推技术信息的传播，但却不具备新品种技术的获取与推广功能，而台商技术主体对于技术的保护亦限制了技术的扩散。在中观尺度，台资企业集群网络封闭性较强，原生网络的跨界衍生是其初期壮大的主导力量，而产业内的企业衍生亦增强了集群封闭性，加之外来投入新兴产业与本地已有主导产业间的“行业藩篱”，使得技术溢出相对较低，以示范及竞争效应为主导力量；外资驱动型集群所特有的本地企业衍生，在集群发展后期推动了集群规模的扩大，形成了产业间的衍生发展，而“共位集群”间的蜂鸣与共振，也可作为台资驱动型农业产业集群嵌入性提升的另一渠道。在宏观尺度，研究发现，台湾青枣种植技术的扩散有其独特的时空格局与路径，在时间维度，表现为扩散迅速、周期较短，扩散阻力小且示范效应显著，表明其当地技术扩散环境的适宜性较高；而在空间维度，则形成多核心、多强度、梯度扩散体系，扩散场相互叠加，以就近扩展扩散为主、等级扩散为辅的特色扩散格局，最为突出的是自发形成的“本地农户扩散节点”，助推台资农业技术跨越现有扩散边界进一步推进。最后，本项目对如何推进台商农业技术在大陆地区的时空扩散、农户采纳，以及推动台资农业企业在大陆地区的嵌入与融合发展提出相应对策建议，具有一定的理论价值与实践意义。