战略创业情境下领导特质对组织悖论的整体作用机制研究：涌现、应对与动态演化

As a critical approach for firm’s transformation, strategic entrepreneurship process is full of complicated paradoxes. Paradox management is the puzzle faced by firm leaders. Although leaders’ cognition and behaviors are determined by their traits, leader trait antecedents of organizational paradox are still unexplored. Following the multi research paradigms that combine the theoretical and empirical methods, and mainly rely on the qualitative case study while take hypothesis-testing positivist study as secondary reliance, this project explores the effect of leader traits on organizational paradoxes in the context of strategic entrepreneurship. First, by adhering to the west-meeting-east philosophies and ambicultural principles, and embracing the persistently contradictory-yet-complementary strategic entrepreneurship reality, we dissect the nature and characteristics of organizational paradoxes as well as strategic entrepreneurship context. Second, focusing on the dynamics of leader traits and the process ontological nature of organizational paradoxes, we analyze the categories, relationships and dynamics of both leader traits and organizational paradoxes. Next, based on the various processes of organizational paradox management, we explore the influential mechanism of leader traits on organizational paradoxes from their emergence, response and dynamic change. Last, by reflecting on the whole mechanisms, we make a tentative exploration on the construct of paradoxical leadership. This project opens the black box of the way in which entrepreneurs manage paradoxes from the leader trait perspective, the insights of which should help improve the leadership effectiveness of paradox management in strategic entrepreneurship practice.

战略创业是企业转型的重要途径，其过程中充斥着各种复杂悖论。悖论管理是企业领导者面临的难题。领导者的悖论管理认知及行为决定于其特质，而领导特质作为组织悖论的根本性前因在已有研究中尚属空白。本项目遵循理论研究与经验研究相结合，质性案例研究为主，量化实证研究为辅的多元研究范式，探索战略创业情境下领导特质对组织悖论的整体作用机制。首先，秉持中西方哲学及文化双融的审慎，拥抱持续性相互依赖且冲突的战略创业现实，剖析悖论的本质、特征，及战略创业情境。其次，关注领导特质的动态性和组织悖论的过程本体论，探究领导特质及战略创业情境下组织悖论的类型、关系及动态性。再次，统观组织悖论管理的各类过程，从涌现、应对与动态演化三个方面挖掘领导特质对组织悖论的作用机制。最后，基于整体作用机制反思，对悖论式领导这一构念进行初探。本项目从特质角度打开企业家应对复杂悖论的黑箱，提升战略创业实践中悖论管理的领导有效性。

企业的转型与升级决定了国家的经济高质量发展，而战略创业是企业转型的重要途径，其过程中充斥着各种复杂悖论，为企业领导者带来了巨大挑战。领导者的悖论管理认知及行为决定于其特质，而领导特质作为组织悖论的根本性前因在已有研究中尚属空白。本项目遵循理论研究与经验研究相结合，质性案例研究为主，量化实证研究为辅的多元研究范式，对以下四个研究内容展开了研究。第一，战略创业情境下的组织悖论研究。本项目融合文化双融视角，比较中西方哲学逻辑，基于对海尔等多家企业的深入调研，探索并得出了战略创业和悖论的本质与特征，从动态视角对组织悖论的类型及其互动关系进行了分析，提炼了组织悖论管理的不同策略类型。第二，组织悖论管理的关键前因：领导特质研究。本项目基于对典型案例研究，探究了领导特质的动态性本质，提出了领导特质在演化过程中的类型及其相互关系，并发现了领导特质的演化模式。第三，战略创业情境下领导特质对组织悖论的整体作用机制研究。本项目基于文化双融思想，挖掘了类型化领导特质对组织涌现（客观存在和社会建构）的作用机理。从悖论应对的主动性策略、防御性策略和无为策略，透视了类型化领导特质对悖论应对的作用机制。从悖论动态演化的动态均衡反馈回路和偏差放大反馈环路两个角度，分析了类型化领导特质对组织悖论动态演化的作用机制。第四，整体作用机制反思：悖论式领导初探。本项目基于对作用机制的反思，提炼了悖论式领导的内涵，基于案例研究，进一步透视了悖论式领导的特质，提炼了悖论式领导的行为及作用。本项目从特质角度打开了领导者应对复杂悖论的黑箱，对领导特质和组织悖论研究进行了深层次推进，为企业家有效应对与管理战略创业实践中的复杂悖论提供了重要借鉴。