黄河河口湿地生态水文过程耦合作用机理及模拟方法研究

Hydrological processes control the formation and evolution of wetlands. They are recognized as the significant driving forces of shaping structure, function and landscape pattern characteristics of wetland ecosystems. This research takes the Yellow River estuary wetland as the topical area, it develops water and heat fluxes' observation to obtain hydrological, meteorological and vegetation status data, analyzes the evolution law of water budget, energy conservation and ecological elements evolution. The evolution characteristics of hydrological processes, wetlands area, landscape pattern, bird habitats will be proved and the future development trend under changing environment will be analyzed based on remote sensing image and eco-hydrological monitoring data. Using landscape pattern features and bird habitats for wetland hydrological processes response model, the research will indentify the key factors and determines their thresholds. This study will build a model of wetland physically-based distributed eco-hydrological and realize the multi-processes quantitative model, which contains hydrological processes, energy processes, landscape pattern and habitats, and determines the quantitative relation among key landscape pattern indexes, typical bird habitats and eco-hydrological factors. It will give hydrological measures and suggestions to improve the ecological environment of the Yellow River estuary wetland and provide theoretical stand to ecological conservation and renovation of estuary wetland.

水文过程控制着湿地的形成与演化，是塑造湿地生态系统结构与功能、湿地景观格局动态特征的重要驱动力。本研究选择黄河河口湿地为典型研究区域，开展湿地水热通量观测获取水文、气象和植被状态数据，解析水分收支、能量平衡和生态要素演变规律；基于遥感影像资料和生态水文监测数据，探明水文过程、湿地面积、景观格局、鸟类栖息生境的演变特征，研判未来变化环境下的发展趋势；构建景观格局特征和鸟类栖息生境对湿地水文过程的响应模型，识别其关键因子并确定其阈值；建立湿地分布式生态水文模型，实现“水文过程—能量过程—景观格局—栖息生境”的多维过程定量模拟，厘定关键景观格局指数、典型鸟类栖息生境与生态水文因子的量化关系，模拟给出改善黄河河口湿地生态的水文措施建议，为黄河河口湿地生态保护与修复提供理论支持。

本研究选择黄河河口湿地为典型研究区域，较为系统地开展了湿地水热通量观测，获取了水文、气象和植被状态数据，解析了水分收支、能量平衡和生态要素演变规律；基于遥感影像资料和生态水文监测数据，初步探明了水文过程、湿地面积、景观格局、鸟类栖息生境的演变特征，研判了未来变化环境下的发展趋势；构建了景观格局特征和鸟类栖息生境对湿地水文过程的响应模型，并识别了其关键因子并确定其阈值；建立了湿地分布式生态水文模型，实现了“水文过程—能量过程—景观格局—栖息生境”的多过程定量模拟，厘定了关键景观格局指数、典型鸟类栖息生境与生态水文因子的量化关系，模拟给出了改善黄河河口湿地生态的水文措施建议，研究成果可为河口湿地生态保护与修复提供科技支撑。