基于多源遥感的湿地生态系统水热通量传输机理研究

The water and heat flux exchanges between soil and vegetation and atmosphere are the main drivers of aerodynamic and thermodynamic processes in land-atmosphere systems, determine the global energy balance and water cycle, and play a significant role in ecosystem health maintenance. In this study, the Yellow River delta wetland was selected as the typical research area, water and heat vapor fluxes eddy correlation system is building to develop continuous observation, parse the architecture of the evaporation quantity and its contribution, and find out the " Natural-Artificial" character of water and heat vapor fluxes. Based on remote sensing and ecological processes, the evapotranspiration model of wetland ecosystem is establishing to implement the remote sensing retrieval of evapotranspiration and clarify its fractal structure and time series character. A wetland net primary productivity-based optimal vegetation index remote sensing estimating model is developing to estimate net primary productivity of vegetation in sample region and analyse the landscape features and driving factors. Accordingly identifying the coupling interaction between wetland hydrological process, energy transmission and vegetation growth to realize dynamic feedback of vegetation growth to heat transfer process, revealing the water and heat vapor fluxes transporting mechanism and providing theoretical foundation of wetland ecological and hydrological process simulation and control.

土壤和植被与大气间的水热通量交换是陆面大气动力和热力过程的基础，决定着全球能量平衡及水分循环，对于维持生态系统健康具有重要意义。本研究选取黄河三角洲湿地为典型研究区域，建立水热通量涡度相关观测系统并开展连续观测，解析蒸散发量的结构组成及其贡献，探明水热通量的“自然-人工”二元驱动特征；构建基于遥感与生态过程的湿地生态系统蒸散发模型，实现生态系统蒸散发的遥感反演，厘清蒸散量的时间序列分形结构特征；研发基于最优植被指数的湿地净初级生产力遥感估算模型，估算湿地样区的植被净初级生产力，并分析其格局特征和驱动要素；辨识湿地水文过程、能量传输和植被生长的耦合作用机制，实现植被生长对水热传输过程的动态反馈，揭示黄河三角洲湿地生态系统水热通量传输机理，为湿地生态水文过程模拟与调控提供理论支撑。

选择黄河三角洲湿地为典型研究区域，获取了水文、气象和遥感影像数据，解析了水文和生态要素演变规律，初步探明了水文过程、海岸线动态变化、湿地面积、土地利用、蒸散发量、植被净初级生产力、固碳释氧量、生境质量的时空演变特征，分析了关键要素的驱动机制，研判了未来变化环境下的发展趋势。系统开展了黄河三角洲湿地海岸线及土地利用类型时空演变规律、蒸散发量估算模型构建及影响因素分析、植被净初级生产力模型模拟、固碳释氧功能计算及驱动因子分析和生境质量时空演变规律及其驱动机制研究，实现了黄河三角洲湿地“水文情势-海岸线动态演变-土地利用-生境质量-驱动机制”多过程定量模拟，并基于模拟结果给出了黄河三角洲湿地生态系统保护的措施建议，研究成果可为黄河三角洲湿地生态保护与修复提供科技支撑。.依托本基金项目，共发表学术论文32篇，其中SCI收录10篇，EI收录2篇，中文核心期刊17篇，其他3篇；出版学术专著2部；授权国家发明专利3项；获得省部级奖励1项、厅级奖励3项；培养研究生22名；参加学术会议交流31次。项目负责人2019年获河南省高校科技创新团队计划资助，2020年入选中原英才计划“中原科技创新领军人才”，2020年入选河南省高层次人才（C类）；项目组成员康萍萍、黄会平、赵衡、吕素冰4人晋升副教授。