微波场中高介电性多孔陶瓷-微孔复合分子筛快速催化热解皂脚制备富烃燃油的机理研究

The bio-oil derived from catalytic fast pyrolysis soapstocks dominates some deficiencies such as the high oxygen content in the liquid products, low efficiency of catalytic reform as well as the high consumption of energy. This project will study on the mechansim of microwave catalytic pyrolysis of soapstocks for hydrocarbon fuel using high dielectric porous ceramic-micro zeolites, A new-type high dielectric porous ceramic-micro zeolites with good microwave absorbing abilityis produced, and the advantage of microwave-assisted ex-situ catalysis on the basis of this kind of catalyst is reflected. In this project, the related mechanism is investigated in detail. The influence and regulating rules of key parameters are known well. The relevance between the high dielectric porous ceramic-micro zeolites and catalytic performance is studied systematically. The oriented pyrolysis of soapstocks on molecular size is achieved. The laws between hydrocarbon fuel composition and distribution and fuel properties are verified. These will provide scientific methods and basic data for hydrocarbon fuel production via soapstocks conversion.

针对目前废弃皂脚催化热解制备富烃燃油领域存在热解油含氧量较高、催化重整脱氧效果不佳、热解过程热利用效率不高等问题，本项目拟开展微波场中高介电性多孔陶瓷-微孔复合分子筛快速催化热解皂脚制备富烃燃油的机理研究，创新一类具有微波吸收性能高介电性多孔陶瓷-微孔复合分子筛，以微波吸收剂快速吸波强化脱氧耦合热解蒸汽微波辅助外部催化提质为工艺路线，以制取高品质烃类燃油为产品路线，优势突出高介电性多孔陶瓷-微孔复合分子筛的外部催化技术，深入研究微波场中高介电性多孔陶瓷-微孔复合分子筛的介电性及孔道特性对催化机制的影响，掌握关键参数的影响和调控规律，系统研究高介电性多孔陶瓷-微孔复合分子筛催化剂微观结构与外部微波辅助催化性能的关系，实现废弃皂脚在分子尺度上的定向热解，同时探明热解烃类燃油组成及分布与燃料特性之间的规律。为废弃皂脚高效定向转化烃类燃油提供科学方法和基础数据。

废弃皂脚催化热解制备富烃燃油具有良好的发展前景，但目前该技术还存在产物含氧量较高、催化重整脱氧效果不佳、热解过程热利用效率不高等问题。针对上述问题，本项目构筑了一系列具有微波吸收性能的高介电性多孔陶瓷-微孔复合分子筛催化剂，并将其应用于微波非原位催化重整提质体系，在微波驱动作用下多孔陶瓷-微孔复合分子筛催化剂表面微波热点与反应活性位点空间重合、传递速率与反应速率时间匹配，对于催化转化成烃效率以及催化剂稳定性产生积极影响，最终实现催化剂“原位吸波生热”和“催化转化”的协同减少了焦炭的形成，延长了催化剂的使用寿命，并有效提高生物油中烃类含量；搭建了微波吸收剂辅助吸波快速热解仪耦合外部微波加热催化体系，探索了体系参数对生物油中烃类变化的调控机制；构建了皂脚年处理量50吨的连续微波催化热解制油中试系统，该系统制备的生物油部分性质符合0#柴油的标准。本项目为废弃皂脚微波快速催化热解生产富烃生物油提供了科学方法和基础数据，同时也废弃皂脚高值化、产业化利用提供了一定的技术和集成工艺的支撑。