基于微波吸收泡沫陶瓷催化的废弃油脂热解制备烃类燃油过程机理研究

It is of great importance scientific significance for renewable hydrocarbon fuel production via pyrolysis of waste oils and fats (WOF). To solve the existing problems of current pyrolysis process like heat transfer and catalyst type, this project selects WOF as the object of study and aims to obtaining high-quality hydrocarbon fuel by combining microwave-assisted fast pyrolysis with microwave-assisted ex-situ catalysis using microwave absorbing foam ceramic catalyst. A new-type foam ceramic catalyst with good microwave absorbing ability is produced, and the advantage of microwave-assisted ex-situ catalysis on the basis of this kind of catalyst is reflected. In this project, the related mechanism is investigated in detail. The influence and regulating rules of key parameters are known well. The relevance between the microstructure of foam ceramic catalyst and catalytic performance is studied systematically. The oriented pyrolysis of WOF on molecular size is achieved. The laws between hydrocarbon fuel composition and distribution and fuel properties are verified. These will provide scientific methods and basic data for hydrocarbon fuel production via WOF conversion.

废弃油脂热解脱氧制备可再生烃类燃油具有重要的科学意义和实用价值，针对现有技术在传热效果、催化剂等方面存在的问题，本项目拟以我国典型的废弃油脂（甘油三酯、脂肪酸模型反应物）为研究对象，创新一类具有微波吸收性能的泡沫陶瓷催化剂，优势突出微波吸收泡沫陶瓷外部催化技术，通过微波吸收剂快速吸波强化脱氧耦合热解蒸汽微波辅助外部催化提质制取高品质烃类燃油，深入研究微波强化脱氧耦合外部催化提质的相关过程机理，掌握关键参数的影响和调控规律，系统研究微波吸收泡沫陶瓷催化剂微观结构与外部微波辅助催化性能的关系，实现废弃油脂在分子尺寸上的定向热解，同时探明热解烃类燃油组成及分布与燃料特性之间的规律，为废弃油脂高效定向转化烃类燃油提供科学方法和基础数据。

废弃油脂热解脱氧制备可再生烃类燃油具有一定的科学意义和实用价值。本项目以废弃油脂以及主要脂肪酸模型化合物为研究对象，采用脉冲催化热解技术，基于原料特性探索了催化剂失活的路径；构建了碳化硅热载体深度热解耦合非原位催化重整提质体系，探索了体系参数对生物油中烃类变化的调控机制；构筑了具有微波吸收性能分子筛复合泡沫陶瓷催化剂，并将其应用于非原位催化重整提质体系，减少了焦炭的形成，延长了催化剂的使用寿命，并有效提高生物油中烃类含量，掌握了关键参数的影响和调控规律，探明了热解烃类燃油组成及分布与燃料特性之间的规律，初步揭示了分子筛复合泡沫陶瓷催化剂的特性与产物分布的构效关系，为废弃油脂高效定向转化烃类燃油提供了科学方法和基础数据，同时也对废弃油脂催化热解增值产业化应用具有重要意义。